Arabidopsis COP1 shapes the temporal pattern of CO accumulation conferring a photoperiodic flowering response

The transcriptional regulator CONSTANS (CO) promotes flowering of Arabidopsis under long summer days (LDs) but not under short winter days (SDs). Post-translational regulation of CO is crucial for this response by stabilizing the protein at the end of a LD, whereas promoting its degradation throughout the night under LD and SD. We show that mutations in CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1), a component of a ubiquitin ligase, cause extreme early flowering under SDs, and that this is largely dependent on CO activity. Furthermore, transcription of the CO target gene FT is increased in cop1 mutants and decreased in plants overexpressing COP1 in phloem companion cells. COP1 and CO interact in vivo and in vitro through the C-terminal region of CO. COP1 promotes CO degradation mainly in the dark, so that in cop1 mutants CO protein but not CO mRNA abundance is dramatically increased during the night. However, in the morning CO degradation occurs independently of COP1 by a phytochrome B-dependent mechanism. Thus, COP1 contributes to day length perception by reducing the abundance of CO during the night and thereby delaying flowering under SDs

Les dysfonctions cognitives postopératoires en chirurgie cardiaque : evaluation de la valeur prédictive de l'oxymétrie cérébrale

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Mobilising Private Investment in Sustainable Transport

Transport infrastructure is a pillar of economic development and a key contributor to climate change. Globally, transport-related greenhouse gas emissions are expected to double by 2050 in the absence of new policies. There is an urgent need to scale-up and shift transport infrastructure investments towards lowcarbon, climate-resilient transport options and help achieving the environmental, social and economic benefits associated with sustainable transport infrastructure. Given the extent of investment required to meet escalating global transportation infrastructure needs, and the growing strains on public finances, mobilising private investment at pace and at scale will be necessary to facilitate the transition to a greener growth. Investment barriers, however, often limit private investment in sustainable transport infrastructure projects, due to the relatively less attractive risk-return profile of such projects compared to fossil fuelbased alternatives. In part, this can be attributed to market failures and government policies that fall short of accounting for the full costs of carbon-intensive road transport and the benefits of sustainable transport modes

Acquisitions récentes sur les paramètres fermentaires influençant la saveur sucrée des vins secs.

Article dans une revue professionnelleL’équilibre gustatif d’un vin repose non seulement sur sa structure tannique et son acidité, mais également sur sa douceur. Or, l’origine moléculaire de la saveur sucrée des vins secs est demeurée pendant longtemps mystérieuse, en dépit de l’importance de cette perception dans l’appréciation par les consommateurs. Des travaux effectués précédemment au laboratoire avaient démontré un gain de sucrosité consécutif à l’autolyse des levures dans les vins secs. En outre, l’utilisation conjointe de techniques de biologie moléculaire et d’analyse sensorielle avait permis d’établir le rôle de la protéine Hsp12 dans l’effet édulcorant des lies de levures. Ces recherches ont été poursuivies et appliquée à l’effet de plusieurs paramètres fermentaires susceptibles de moduler l’intensité de la saveur sucrée. Nous avons ainsi récemment démontré que l’expression du gène HSP12 varie en fonction de la teneur en alcool et de la température de fermentation. Par ailleurs, la souche de levure utilisée influence significativement la perception de la sucrosité, de façon corrélée aux variations de l’expression de HSP12. Ces travaux précisent ainsi l’impact gustatif des facteurs environnementaux impliqués dans la vinification en rouge. Ils révèlent pour la première fois le rôle de la souche de levure dans la modulation du goût du vin

Public Financial Institutions and the Low-carbon Transition

Public financial institutions (PFIs) are well-positioned to act as a key leverage point for governments’ efforts to mobilise private investment in low-carbon projects and infrastructure. The study identifies the tools, instruments and approaches used by five PFIs to directly support and scale-up domestic private sector investment in sustainable transport, energy-efficiency and renewable energy in OECD countries. Between 2010-2012, these five institutions – Group Caisse des Depots in France, KfW Bankengruppe in Germany, the UK Green Investment Bank, the European Investment Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development – have provided over 100 billion euros of equity investment and financing for energy efficiency, renewable energy and sustainable transport projects. They use both traditional and innovative approaches to link low-carbon projects with finance through enhancing access to capital; facilitating risk reduction and sharing; improving the capacity of market actors; and shaping broader market practices and conditions. Les institutions financieres publiques (IFP) sont particulierement bien placees pour completer les efforts des pouvoirs publics visant a mobiliser les investissements prives dans des projets et des infrastructures sobres en carbone. Cette etude identifie les outils, instruments et methodes dont se servent cinq IFP pour financer et / ou accroitre les investissements du secteur prive au niveau national dans les transports durables, l’efficacite energetique et l’energie renouvelable dans des pays membres de l’OCDE. De 2010 a 2012, ces cinq institutions – le Groupe Caisse des Depots en France, la KfW Bankengruppe en Allemagne, l’UK Green Investment Bank, la Banque europeenne d’investissement, et la Banque europeenne pour la reconstruction et le developpement – ont apporte un total de plus de 100 milliards EUR d’investissements en fonds propres et de financement en faveur de projets d’efficacite energetique, d’energies renouvelables et de transports durables. Elles font appel a des methodes a la fois traditionnelles et nouvelles pour lier des projets aux moyens de financement, en ameliorant l’acces aux capitaux ; en facilitant la reduction et le partage des risques ; en renforcant les capacites des acteurs de marche et, dans un cadre plus large, en mettant en place des pratiques et des conditions de marche

J. Agric. Food Chem.

Yeast lees influence the organoleptic properties of wines by increasing their sweet taste. This effect is in part due to the protein Hsp12p which is regulated by different stress response pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this work we investigated the genetics and environmental factors influencing the expression level of the HSP12 gene in an enological context. By RT-qPCR we confirmed that the HSP12 expression level is regulated by temperature change and ethanol content during the alcoholic fermentation but not by the sugar content. Moreover this gene shows an important variation according to the yeast strain used. For the first time we demonstrate that yeast strain plays an important role on the perception of sweetness in red wine due to post-fermentation lees autolysis. Interestingly a correlation between the expression level of HSP12 and the sweetness perception was found using yeast strains of different origins. All our findings provide new insights on the contribution of yeast to wine taste