Principal component analysis.

<p>On the x axis is PC 1 while PC2 is the y axis. Plus symbols represent Argentinian samples and circles are for reference panels. Fig 2a (left) Argentinians with YRI and LWK for African references (“African”), IBS and TSI for European references (“European”) and the PEL, MXL, PUR and CLM as a Latin American references. Fig 2b (right) samples from Argentina with IBS, MXL, CLM and PEL.</p

Distribution of the sampling locations in Argentina.

<p>Dots show the sampling locations included in this study.</p

Admixture results.

<p>With 3 (K = 3) (Fig 3a, top), 9 groups (K = 9) (Fig 3b, middle) and ancestry components averaged across individuals in each per population (Fig 3c, bottom). In K = 9 there is an Andean component among the Peruvians (PEL) and the Argentinians from the North West (ANW).</p

Derived¹ allele frequencies and AMOVA results.

<p>¹Defined in comparison with the Chimpanzee sequence. For the loci in <b>bold</b> deviations from Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were detected.</p><p>²The number of individuals vary according to the investigated locus. ND: No data available.</p><p>Derived<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0137823#t001fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> allele frequencies and AMOVA results.</p

Summary of the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) interaction models.

<p><b>(A)</b> Interaction graphs comprised of nodes with pairwise connections between them. Values in nodes represent information gain (IG) of individual genes (main effect), while values between nodes are the IG of each pairwise combination (interaction effects). Positive entropy (plotted in red) indicates interaction (epistasis) and negative entropy (plotted in green or blue) indicates redundancy. Independence is represented by the gold color. <b>(B)</b> The <i>MDM2</i>-<i>TP53</i> interaction associated with altitude in data set B. High-frequency genotype combinations in individuals who inhabit highlands (≥ 2,500 meters) are depicted as darkly shaded cells and low-frequency combinations in those individuals as lightly shaded. For each cell, the left bar indicates the absolute number of individuals who inhabit highlands and the right bar the absolute number of individuals who inhabit lowlands (< 2,500 meters).</p

Correlation analysis results.

<p>Nominal associations are depicted in <i>italics</i> and significant associations (after Bonferroni correction) are depicted in <b>bold</b>.</p><p>UV irradiance 1: annual mean of ultraviolet irradiance, UV irradiance 2: mean of ultraviolet irradiance in the coldest semester, UV irradiance 3: mean of ultraviolet irradiance in the warmest semester.</p><p>PC = Principal Component.</p><p>Correlation analysis results.</p

Results of HLM for FFA scores against age, sex, BMI, genetic ancestry and PC scores for wealth index.

<p>For simplicity, and considering the high correlation between both data sets, results are presented only for heterozygosity-corrected data (blue-colored cells indicate significant effects at p< = 0.01).</p

Boxplots of distribution of the FFA scores by country and sex.

<p>The dotted line represents the grand mean, the continuous black line connect means among countries. a) Females, b) males. Black points represent outlier values. The left column plots represent raw FFA scores and the right ones the FFA scores corrected for the heterozygosity effects.</p

Sample details concerning age, gender and country for a total of 2,018 volunteers.

<p>Sample details concerning age, gender and country for a total of 2,018 volunteers.</p

Facial landmark anatomical definitions (see Fig 1 for anatomic-spatial reference).

<p>Facial landmark anatomical definitions (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0169287#pone.0169287.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> for anatomic-spatial reference).</p