The Virgo interferometric gravitational antenna

The interferometric gravitational wave detectors represent the ultimate evolution of the classical Michelson interferometer. In order to measure the signal produced by the passage of a gravitational wave, they aim to reach unprecedent sensitivities in measuring the relative displacements of the mirrors. One of them, the 3-km-long Virgo gravitational wave antenna, which will be particularly sensitive in the low-frequency range (10-100 Hz), is presently in its commissioning phase. In this paper the various techniques developed in order to reach its target extreme performance are outlined. (C) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

The Virgo interferometric gravitational antenna

none122sìThe interferometric gravitational wave detectors represent the ultimate evolution of the classical Michelson interferometer. In order to measure the signal produced by the passage of a gravitational wave, they aim to reach unprecedent sensitivities in measuring the relative displacements of the mirrors. One of them, the 3-km-long Virgo gravitational wave antenna, which will be particularly sensitive in the low-frequency range (10–100 Hz), is presently in its commissioning phase. In this paper the various techniques developed in order to reach its target extreme performance are outlined.mixedF. ACERNESE; P. AMICO; M. AL-SHOURBAGY; S. AOUDIA; S. AVINO; D. BABUSCI; G. BALLARDIN; R. BARILLÉ; F. BARONE; L. BARSOTTI; M. BARSUGLIA; F. BEAUVILLE; M.A. BIZOUARD; C. BOCCARA; F. BONDU; L. BOSI; C. BRADASCHIA; S. BRACCINI; A. BRILLET; V. BRISSON; L. BROCCO; D. BUSKULIC; E. CALLONI; E. CAMPAGNA; F. CAVALIER; R. CAVALIERI; G. CELLA; E. CHASSANDE-MOTTIN; A.C. CLAPSON; F. CLEVA; C. CORDA; J.-P. COULON; E. CUOCO; V. DATTILO; M. DAVIER; R. DE ROSA; L. DI FIORE; A. DI VIRGILIO; B. DUJARDIN; A. ELEUTERI; D. ENARD; I. FERRANTE; F. FIDECARO; I. FIORI; R. FLAMINIO; J.-D. FOURNIER; S. FRASCA; F. FRASCONI; A. FREISE; L. GAMMAITONI; A. GENNAI; A. GIAZOTTO; G. GIORDANO; R. GOUATY; D. GROSJEAN; G. GUIDI; S. HEBRI; H. HEITMANN; P. HELLO; L. HOLLOWAY; S. KRECKELBERG; P. LA PENNA; V. LORIETTE; M. LOUPIAS; G. LOSURDO; J.-M. MACKOWSKI; E. MAJORANA; C.N. MAN; M. MANTOVANI; F. MARION; J. MARQUE; F. MARTELLI; A. MASSEROT; L. MASSONNET; M. MAZZONI; L. MILANO; C. MOINS; J. MOREAU; F. MOREAU; N. MORGADO; F. MORNET; B. MOURS; J. PACHECO; A. PAI; C. PALOMBA; F. PAOLETTI; S. PARDI; A. PASQUALETTI; R. PASSAQUIETI; D. PASSUELLO; B. PERNIOLA; F. PIERGIOVANNI; L. PINARD; R. POGGIANI; M. PUNTURO; P. PUPPO; K. QIPIANI; P. RAPAGNANI; V. REITA; A. REMILLIEUX; F. RICCI; I. RICCIARDI; P. RUGGI; G. RUSSO; S. SOLIMENO; A. SPALLICCI; R. STANGA; R. TADDEI; D. TOMBOLATO; A. TONCELLI; M. TONELLI; E. TOURNEFIER; F. TRAVASSO; H. TRINQUET; M. VARVELLA; D. VERKINDT; F. VETRANO; ANDREA VICERE; J.-Y. VINET; H. VOCCA; M. YVERT; Z. ZHOUF., Acernese; P., Amico; M., AL SHOURBAGY; S., Aoudia; S., Avino; D., Babusci; G., Ballardin; R., Barillé; F., Barone; L., Barsotti; M., Barsuglia; F., Beauville; M. A., Bizouard; C., Boccara; F., Bondu; L., Bosi; C., Bradaschia; S., Braccini; A., Brillet; V., Brisson; L., Brocco; D., Buskulic; E., Calloni; E., Campagna; F., Cavalier; R., Cavalieri; G., Cella; E., CHASSANDE MOTTIN; A. C., Clapson; F., Cleva; C., Corda; J. P., Coulon; E., Cuoco; V., Dattilo; M., Davier; R., DE ROSA; L., DI FIORE; A., DI VIRGILIO; B., Dujardin; A., Eleuteri; D., Enard; I., Ferrante; F., Fidecaro; I., Fiori; R., Flaminio; J. D., Fournier; S., Frasca; F., Frasconi; A., Freise; L., Gammaitoni; A., Gennai; A., Giazotto; G., Giordano; R., Gouaty; D., Grosjean; Guidi, GIANLUCA MARIA; S., Hebri; H., Heitmann; P., Hello; L., Holloway; S., Kreckelberg; P., LA PENNA; V., Loriette; M., Loupias; G., Losurdo; J. M., Mackowski; E., Majorana; C. N., Man; M., Mantovani; F., Marion; J., Marque; Martelli, Filippo; A., Masserot; L., Massonnet; M., Mazzoni; L., Milano; C., Moins; J., Moreau; F., Moreau; N., Morgado; F., Mornet; B., Mours; J., Pacheco; A., Pai; C., Palomba; F., Paoletti; S., Pardi; A., Pasqualetti; R., Passaquieti; D., Passuello; Perniola, Bruna; Piergiovanni, Francesco; L., Pinard; R., Poggiani; M., Punturo; P., Puppo; K., Qipiani; P., Rapagnani; V., Reita; A., Remillieux; F., Ricci; I., Ricciardi; P., Ruggi; G., Russo; S., Solimeno; A., Spallicci; R., Stanga; R., Taddei; D., Tombolato; A., Toncelli; M., Tonelli; E., Tournefier; F., Travasso; H., Trinquet; M., Varvella; D., Verkindt; Vetrano, Flavio; Vicere', Andrea; J. Y., Vinet; H., Vocca; M., Yvert; Z., Zho

Common surgical procedures in pilonidal sinus disease: A meta-analysis, merged data analysis, and comprehensive study on recurrence

Abstract We systematically searched available databases. We reviewed 6,143 studies published from 1833 to 2017. Reports in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish were considered, as were publications in other languages if definitive treatment and recurrence at specific follow-up times were described in an English abstract. We assessed data in the manner of a meta-analysis of RCTs; further we assessed non-RCTs in the manner of a merged data analysis. In the RCT analysis including 11,730 patients, Limberg & Dufourmentel operations were associated with low recurrence of 0.6% (95%CI 0.3–0.9%) 12 months and 1.8% (95%CI 1.1–2.4%) respectively 24 months postoperatively. Analysing 89,583 patients from RCTs and non-RCTs, the Karydakis & Bascom approaches were associated with recurrence of only 0.2% (95%CI 0.1–0.3%) 12 months and 0.6% (95%CI 0.5–0.8%) 24 months postoperatively. Primary midline closure exhibited long-term recurrence up to 67.9% (95%CI 53.3–82.4%) 240 months post-surgery. For most procedures, only a few RCTs without long term follow up data exist, but substitute data from numerous non-RCTs are available. Recurrence in PSD is highly dependent on surgical procedure and by follow-up time; both must be considered when drawing conclusions regarding the efficacy of a procedure