Additional file 1: of Area-level socioeconomic deprivation and mortality differentials in Thailand: results from principal component analysis and cluster analysis

Elbow plot of R2 for selection of number of cluster by K-means cluster analysis of mortality data K-means cluster analysis of mortality data. (PNG 16 kb

Spatial-temporal clusters of HFMD in Guangxi, China, from 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013 (setting 10% of the population as the maximum spatial cluster size).

*<p>The most likely cluster.</p>a<p>All P-values<0.001. RR: relative risk.</p

Monthly distributions of reported cases, severe cases and laboratory confirmed cases in Guangxi, China, from 1 May, 2008 to 31 Oct, 2013.

<p>Monthly distributions of reported cases, severe cases and laboratory confirmed cases in Guangxi, China, from 1 May, 2008 to 31 Oct, 2013.</p

Spatial distribution (red dots) and spatio-temporal clusters of severe HFMD cases in Guangxi, China, from 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013 (by year).

<p>Spatial distribution (red dots) and spatio-temporal clusters of severe HFMD cases in Guangxi, China, from 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013 (by year).</p

Yearly incidence rates (per 100,000 population) of HFMD at the county level in Guangxi, China, from 1 May, 2008 to 31 October, 2013.

<p>Yearly incidence rates (per 100,000 population) of HFMD at the county level in Guangxi, China, from 1 May, 2008 to 31 October, 2013.</p

The distribution of main highways and railways in Guangxi and the location of four major transit centers.

<p>The distribution of main highways and railways in Guangxi and the location of four major transit centers.</p

Incidence and pathogen of HFMD in Guangxi, 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013.

†<p>From 1 May. ‡Until 31 October</p>a<p>Numbers in brackets are the numbers of severe/non-severe cases among all the laboratory confirmed cases.</p>b<p>Numbers in brackets are the percentage of positive cases among all the laboratory confirmed cases.</p

Spatio-temporal clusters of HFMD cases and severe cases in Guangxi, China from 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013 (in the whole 66 month study period).

<p>Spatio-temporal clusters of HFMD cases and severe cases in Guangxi, China from 1 May 2008 to 31 October 2013 (in the whole 66 month study period).</p

Influence of social network on drug use among clients of methadone maintenance treatment centers in Kunming, China

<div><p>Aims</p><p>To examine drug use behavior of clients attending Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programs and its relationship with the clients’ social network characteristics.</p><p>Design</p><p>Cross-sectional study.</p><p>Setting</p><p>Four MMT clinics in Kunming, Yunnan province, China.</p><p>Participants</p><p>324 consecutive MMT clients.</p><p>Measurements</p><p>A structured, self-completed questionnaire on background characteristics and existing social network. Current drug use was assessed by urine test for opiate metabolites.</p><p>Analysis</p><p>The association between client's social network characteristics and their own current drug use behavior is analysed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) are obtained to give the strength of the associations.</p><p>Findings</p><p>MMT clients were more likely to concurrently use heroin while attending MMT if their social network had any of the following characteristics: more than half of the members were older than them (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00,1.06), any member had a high level of influence on them (AOR = 6.47, 95% CI = 2.86,14.65) and any member joined them in using drugs (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.04,3.63). Having a social network member who could provide emotional support (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.03,0.35), having a spouse and/or child in their social network (AOR = 0.44, 95% CI = 0.24,0.81) and having a social network member with a high level of closeness (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.09,0.90) were associated with a decreased odds of heroin use.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Social networks who could provide MMT clients with emotional support and a close relationship were significant factors for reducing the risk of concurrent drug use among clients attending MMT clinics in Kunming, China. Behavioral interventions should address the role of family and social network members in providing support to these clients.</p></div

Response of 222 Thai patients with various medical conditions to EuroQol 5D instrument, August to October 2009.

<p>TB_TX, TB patients receiving TB treatment; MDR_TX, MDR-TB patients receiving MDR-TB treatment; _anyTB_C, patients who had been successfully treated for TB or MDR-TB for ≥6 months; _anyHIV, HIV-infected patients at any stage; TB_TX/HIV, HIV-infected TB patients receiving TB treatment; _anyTB_C/HIV, HIV-infected patients who had been successfully treated for TB or MDR-TB for ≥6 months.</p