Lipid Profile in Early and Late Stage among Patients with Nephrotic Syndrome-Related Chronic Kidney Disease in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in 2016−2019

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem in children with an increased prevalence globally. CKD is strongly associated with Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) and dyslipidemia, which become a progressive factor of CKD. This study aimed to describe the lipid profile of children with CKD and NS in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia.Methods: An observational-retrospective study was conducted with a cross-sectional design involving 150 medical records of children aged 1−18 years who were diagnosed with CKD with NS. Lipid profile data, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL, were collected from 2016−2019 using the total sampling method. Subjects with incomplete lipid profile data were excluded from the study.Results: Among the fifty-two children that were eligible and fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 88.5% were diagnosed with stage 1 CKD, and 32.7% were aged between 6−11 years and boys were predominant (67.3%). Lipid profile changes were found in the LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol serum levels between CKD stage I and II–V.Conclusions: Lipid profile of CKD pediatric patients with NS in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2016−2019 showed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Most subjects were in stage I of CKD and Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome, and comparison between stages of CKD and types of nephrotic syndrome is lacking. A prospective analytical study would be more reliable in proofing its significance

Hubungan Perilaku Ibu dalam Praktik Pemberian Makan pada Anak Usia 12-23 Bulan dengan Kejadian Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan kondisi kurang gizi kronis disebabkan asupan makanan yang kurang dalam waktu lama. Kejadian stunting dapat direduksi oleh salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi pemenuhan gizi anak, yaitu perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan dengan kejadian stunting. Metode. Studi analitik potong lintang yang dilakukan pada ibu dan anak usia 12-23 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Jatinangor. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang disusun berdasarkan panduan Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia (IDAI) dan World Health Organization (WHO). Pengukuran panjang badan anak menggunakan infantometer. Analisis menggunakan uji chi kuadrat dan Mann Whitney. Hasil. Lima puluh sembilan subjek (27,2%) dari 217 total subjek termasuk kelompok stunting. Angka kemaknaan pemberian makan cukup dan pemberian makan secara responsif dengan kejadian stunting sebesar 0,003 dan 0,012. Ketepatan waktu dan pemberian makan secara aman dengan kejadian stunting memiliki nilai p>0,05. Perilaku ibu dalam praktik pemberian makan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan nilai p<0,05. Kesimpulan. Praktik pemberian makan secara keseluruhan memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian stunting. Kecukupan dalam pemberian makan dan pemberian makan secara responsif memiliki hubungan dengan stunting, tetapi pemberian makan secara tepat waktu dan aman tidak memengaruhi kejadian stunting

Factors Influencing Outcomes of Children Hospitalized with Acute Severe Malnutrition

Background: Nutrition is still a global health issue, and improving nutrition is among the targets of the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs). One of Indonesia’s SDGs indicators is to reduce prevalence of malnutrition in children. Indonesia, as a developing country, implements a comprehensive malnutrition treatment program for children, including various aspects related to management of children with acute malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the outcome of children hospitalized with acute severe malnutrition. Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 195 children with severe acute malnutrition, admitted to hospital from November 2016 to August 2017. Statistical Analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with the outcome. Adjusted Ratio with Confident Interval 95% and the value of P <0 .05 was considered significant. Result: A total of 195 children were diagnosed havings acute severe malnutrition. A history of complete immunization status (p value <0.001) was proved to be directly proportional to the recovery rate of patients with acute severe malnutrition. Provision of other types of antibiotic (p value 0.001) showed to increase recovery rates of patients with acute severe malnutrition. Several comorbid diseases reduced recovery rates such as pneumonia (Crude OR 0.619) tuberculosis (Crude OR 0.606) and HIV (p value 0.08). Conclusions: This study shows that although the provided treatments are appropriate with the standard treatment for severe malnutrition, they still encounter high levels of morbidity. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to develop better interventions and management of acute severe malnutrition, in order to achieve better outcome

Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding among Stunted and Normal 6–9 Month-Old-Children in Jatinangor Subdistrict, Indonesia

Background: Stunting has become a public health problem in Indonesia, with the prevalence of stunting is 37.2% nationally and 25.6% in West Java. One of the causes of stunting is malnutrition that may occur because of not giving exclusive breastfeeding on the first 1000 days of life (FDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was difference between exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding among stunted and normal 6–9 month-old-children. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional analytic study during August-October 2018 with consecutive sampling method. This study involved 110 pairs of mothers and children aged 6-9 months who resided in villages which were within the work area of Jatinangor Public Health Center. Nutritional status was determined based on length-for-age z score according to WHO. The type of breastfeeding was known based on the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by chi square test. Result: There were 60 of 110 children (54.5%) who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The incidence of stunting in children was 12.7% (14 of 110), of whom 10 children had no exclusive breastfeeding (p>0.05).Conclusions: Although the incidence of stunting is higher in non-exclusive breastfeeding group, there is no difference in the proportion of stunting in children aged 6–9 months between those who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not, however, exclusive breastfeeding is encouraged

Perbedaan status gizi bayi usia 6-9 bulan yang diberi MPASI buatan pabrik dan rumah

The differences of nutritional status of 6-9 months old infant given factory-made and homemade complementary foodsBackground: The nutritional status of 6-9 months old babies depend on the amount of nutrition acquired from breastmilk and complementary food. The incorrect feeding of complementary food may contribute to poor nutritional status. Objective: This study aims to illustrate the nutritional status of factory-made and homemade complementary food, and analyze the difference in the nutritional status of infants given factory-made and homemade complementary food.Methods: This is an analytic, observational, and cross-sectional study, conducted in seven villages within the scope of Puskesmas Jatinangor, Jatinangor Sub-district, Sumedang Regency in August-October 2018. The samples were 102 babies 6-9 months old obtained through total sampling. The variables of this study include the type of complementary food, and infant nutritional status with weight for age, length for age, and weight for height index.Results: Complementary food consumption is dominated by factory-made type (69.6%). Macronutrients which are energy and protein and micronutrients which are vitamins from both types of complementary food already fulfill the daily recommended dietary allowances for babies, except for minerals which are calcium, iron, and zinc. Chi-Square test results showed an insignificant difference in the nutritional status of babies (p=0,881 for BW/A; p=0.194 for BH/A; and p=0,599 for BW/BH) based on the type of complementary food given.Conclusions: Nutritional contents of macro and micronutrients from both types of complementary food have fulfilled the recommended dietary allowances for complementary food, except for the minerals calcium, iron, and zinc. There wasn’t a considerable difference in nutritional status between those acquired through factory-made and homemade complementary food

Validation of Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Iron Intake in Women of Reproductive Age: A Cross-Sectional Study on Female Undergraduate Students in Indonesia

The aim of this study is to develop and assess the validity of the Iron-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Iron-FFQ) in assessing the iron intake of reproductive age women. This cross-sectional study involved randomly selected female undergraduate students at Jantinangor, Sumedang district, West Java (n=94) as respondents. The validity test compared the iron intake using Iron-FFQ with the 3-Days Food Diary (FD). The iron contents of each food from both methods were obtained from Indonesian Food Composition Table (2017). Iron contents were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed significant correlation in iron content between Iron FFQ and the 3 Days FD with r=0.25 for the tubers, nuts, and vegetables group, and r=0.21 for milk and fish (p&lt;0.05). While, statistically non-significant correlations were found for the rest of the food groups (cereal, meat, poultry, eggs, fruits, fats, sugar, syrup, confectionary, and spices) with r ranged from r=0.19 to r=0.01. The average assessment value using Iron-FFQ was lower than the 3-Days Food Diary, especially in the food and beverages group (-100%), sugar, syrup, and confectionary (-93.8%), and vegetables (-88.5%). In conclusion, Iron-FFQ can be declared valid for measuring iron intake from some food group such as starchy tubers, fish, shellfish and shrimp, nuts, vegetables, and milk as they have an acceptable correlation value