Mystérieuses filiations : Husserl et Heidegger, Freud et Jung

International audienceThis text presents in a phenomenological way what generates the reading of two great figures of the thought of the XXth century (Husserl and Freud) as well as the reading of their principal students (Heidegger and Jung). This text analyzes the specificities of "fathers" and those of spiritual "sons" in the tradition of phenomenology and psychoanalysis with regard to their cultural and religious family tradition.Ce texte présente de manière phénoménologique ce que génère la lecture de deux grands figures de la pensée du XXème siècle (Husserl et Freud) ainsi que la lecture de leurs principaux élèves (Heidegger et Jung). Ce texte analyse les spécificités de "pères" et celles des "fils" spirituels dans la tradition de la phénoménologie et de la psychanalyse au regard de leur tradition familiale culturelle et religieuse

PEUT-ON TRANSPOSER LES MODELES DE LA NEUROLOGIE A LA PSYCHIATRIE ? ou « CETTE SCIENCE N'A RIEN A NOUS DIRE… »

International audienceModels of neurology that we would apply to psychiatry display several irremediable difficulties: firstly their reductionism and technical shortcomings and, secondly, their lack of meaning and the low importance they agree temporality. Thus we see that speculative bubbles are being developed, which do not change ultimately much to our knowledge and generate mountains of useless publications. Phenomenology seems the only way to take into account simultaneously the problem of meaning and temporality of subjects, all of which are part of the varied stories maze. However, bridges between phenomenology, psychotherapy and neuroscience can be proposed without models that are applied in neurology to psychiatry.Les modèles de la neurologie que l'on voudrait appliquer à la psychiatrie, butent sur plusieurs difficultés irrémédiables: d'une part leur réductionnisme et les insuffisances des techniques et, d' autre part, leur absence de sens et la faible importance qu'ils accordent à la temporalité. On voit ainsi des bulles spéculatives se développer qui ne changent en définitive pas grand chose à nos connaissances et génèrent des montagnes de publications inutiles. La phénoménologie nous semble seule à même de prendre en compte en même temps la problématique du sens et de la temporalité des sujets, qui tous s'inscrivent dans des lacis d'histoires variées. Pour autant, des ponts entre phénoménologie, psychothérapies et neurosciences peuvent être proposés, sans pour autant que soient appliqués les modèles de la neurologie à la psychiatrie

Mécanismes de vieillissement des électrocatalyseurs de pile à combustible de type PEMFC

Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la durabilité des PEMFC et s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la dégradation des électrocatalyseurs de type Pt/C qui sont utilisés dans leurs électrodes. L'objectif visé était la détermination des mécanismes responsables de leur dégradation, par combinaison d'expériences d'électrochimie en cellule à trois électrodes, de microscopie électronique en transmission et à balayage, et de spectrométrie de masse (DEMS). Dans un premier temps nous avons mis en évidence que les méthodes de caractérisation employées peuvent influencer les dégradations observées. Ainsi, la morphologie des nanocatalyseurs Pt/C peut-être altérée par l'observation MET elle même, comme d'ailleurs par la séquence de mesures par CO-stripping.This thesis is part of the durability of PEMFC and is particularly interested in the degradation of electrocatalysts of type Pt / C that are used within their electrodes. The objective was to determine mechanisms responsible for their degradation, by combining experiments in electrochemical cell with three electrodes, transmission electron microscopy and scanning, and mass spectrometry (DEMS). Initially we have shown that the characterization methods used can influence the degradation observed. Thus, the morphology of Pt nanocatalysts / C may be altered by the TEM observation itself, as does the sequence of measurements by CO-stripping.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Phénoménologie de la spiritualité

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A Formal Study of a Visual Language for the Visualization of Document Type Definition

This formal study proposes a transformational approach to the definition of general purpose visual languages based on hierarchical structures, addressing more specifically DTD visualization as its application area. We show that such visual languages can be constructed through progressive refinement of a syntax based on nested/juxtaposed rectangles. Several transformation stages, which can all be formally characterized, produce a high quality visual representation which expresses the fundamental properties of the original structure. Moreover, this approach opens some perspectives in proving visual properties through standard mathematical tools such as inductive proofs, thus establishing some practical links between visual language theory and classical language theory

Containment of XPath expressions: an Inference and Rewriting based approach

International audienceXPath is a simple query language for XML documents which allows navigating in XML trees and returning a set of matching nodes. It is used in XML Schema to define keys an in XLink and XPointer to reference portions of documents. XPath is a fundamental part of XSLT and XQuery languages as it allows to define matching expressions for patterns and provides node selectors to filter elements in the transformations. We propose to study the containment and equivalence of XPath expressions using an inference system combined with a rewriting system. The inference system allows to assert and prove properties on a class of expressions. In order to keep the proof system compact, we propose a re-writing architecture which allows to transform remaining expressions in a disjunctive normal form compatible with this class. In contrast with model based approaches, the inference and rewriting systems are applied to the XPath language directly. We believe this will help understanding the underlying issues of deciding containment on the language itself

VXT: Visual XML Transformer

The ever growing amount of heterogeneous data exchanged through the Internet, combined with the popularity of XML, make structured document transformations an increasingly important application domain. Most of the existing solutions for expressing XML transformations are textual languages, such as XSLT or DOM combined with a general-purpose programming language. Several tools build on top of these languages, providing a graphical environment and debugging facilities. Transformations are however still specified in a textual way using the underlying language (often XSLT), thus requiring users to learn it. We believe that visual programming techniques are well-suited to representing XML structures and make the specification of transformations simpler. We propose a visual language for the specification of XML transformations in an interactive environment based on a zoomable user interface toolkit and on two target languages specialised in structure transformations: Circus and XSLT

Coloring complex shapes decreases patient anxiety in three care environments: a pilot study with color analysis

IntroductionThis study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of coloring activity of circular symmetrical shape with complex patterns, so-called mandala, on anxiety associated with chronic illness in three different ambulatory medical situations (general consultation, psychiatric day hospital, and hemodialysis session).MethodsThirty patients were included in three groups and came from three different ambulatory medical situations: a hemodialysis group (n = 10), a psychiatric day hospital group (n = 10), and a nephrology consultation group (n = 10). We asked the patients to fill STAI-S and STAI-T questionnaires before to color complex circular shape with complex patterns, then to fill the STAI-S questionnaire again and a questionnaire on the experience of the activity.ResultsThe results show that the STAI-S score was significantly lower after coloring for the hemodialysis (p = 0.02) and psychiatric groups (p = 0.005) but not for the general consultation group (p = 0.26). STAI-T scores did not differ between groups. The distribution of colors in the mandala was different in the three groups of patients. A positive subjective experience of the activity was found in all groups.DiscussionThese results show the effectiveness of a coloring activity of a circular shape with complex patterns on anxiety associated with chronic illness in care environment. The different distribution of the colors of the mandala in the three groups raises the question of the influence of the context on the mood of the patients and the deeper meaning of the choice of colors and their placement in the mandala. Our study reinforces the multiple applications of art activities in different medical disciplines and encourages their development within healthcare settings

A phenomenological approach to investigate the pre-reflexive contents of consciousness during sound production

International audienceThis article describes a listening experiment based on elici-tation interviews that aims at describing the conscious experience of a subject submitted to a perceptual stimulation. As opposed to traditional listening experiments in which subjects are generally influenced by closed or suggestive questions and limited to predefined, forced choices, elicita-tion interviews make it possible to get deeper insight into the listener's perception, in particular to the pre-reflexive content of the conscious experiences. Inspired by previous elicitation interviews during which subjects passively listened to sounds, this experience is based on an active task during which the subjects were asked to reproduce a sound with a stylus on a graphic tablet that controlled a synthesis model. The reproduction was followed by an elicitation interview. The trace of the graphic gesture as well as the answers recorded during the interview were then analyzed. Results revealed that the subjects varied their focus towards both the evoked sound source, and intrinsic sound properties and also described their sensations induced by the experience