Legal and illegal immigrants: an analysis of optimal saving behavior

Savings of guest workers as well as of undocumented migrants represent important inflows of foreign exchange for some developing countries. This paper compares the saving behavior of these two types of migrants, assuming that the former are authorized to work abroad for a specific period of time, while the latter can stay until apprehended and deported by the immigration authorities. Due to the risk of deportation, the saving rate of an illegal immigrant is found to be initially above that of a documented migrant. This precautionary saving phenomenon is, however, short-lived. A key finding of the paper is that the total repatriated assets of an illegal migrant are always lower than those of a documented worker, provided that their duration of stay abroad is identical. This is because the undocumented migrant's saving rate falls over time as her expected lifetime earnings are adjusted upwards every day that she avoids apprehension

The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intentions and competencies of students in Moldova

This paper focuses on questions of entrepreneurial education’s (1) perceived usefulness, (2) effect on developing entrepreneurial competence and (3) potential to increase entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on the development of students’ entrepreneurial competences and career plans in the Republic of Moldova. In order to explore this subject, a survey was conducted among young citizens, mainly university students and students of vocational secondary schools, who have studied entrepreneurshiprelated subjects. The questionnaires were completed by 289 students from 20 educational institutions in the Republic of Moldova. The statistical analysis of their answers allowed conclusions to be drawn about the positive relationship between entrepreneurship education, the development of entrepreneurial competences and the students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial studies are perceived to be useful by students not only in the context of starting a new business, but also for a career as an employee, and even in various social and political situations. Some gender-specific differences were also revealed concerning perceptions of competence development and their usefulness which can be important inputs for further development of entrepreneurship education

Equitable and Effective Climate Policy: Integrating Less Developed Countries into a Global Climate Agreement

ISSN:1612-4804ISSN:1612-481

Recuperación del sector turístico en los principales destinos de sol y playa del Caribe y Latinoamérica, después de la pandemia del SARS2-COVID19

Trabajo de GradoDesde finales de 2019, el mundo se ha visto envuelto en la crisis producida por el Covid-19 y las implicaciones en términos de salud pública que este ha causado. Durante el 2020 la población se resguardó en sus casas, las calles quedaron vacías, los aviones dejaron de volar, los hoteles cerraros sus puertas, la economía se frenó y el mundo sufrió un detenimiento parcial en su desarrollo y crecimiento. En este sentido, uno de los sectores que más sufrió dicho impacto es el turismo. En esta investigación se hará énfasis en los principales destinos de sol y playa del Caribe y Latinoamérica como Cancún (México), Cartagena (Colombia), Punta Cana (República Dominicana), entre otros; y como la crisis del Covid-19 ha logrado afectar a los diferentes mercados que componen el sector, llevando a la quiebra aerolíneas, hoteles, contracción del sector de ocio y entretenimiento, y demás integrantes que también se han visto afectados. Se iniciará con un planteamiento del problema, donde se abordará el comportamiento del sector antes del Covid-19 y cuales son los impactos generados producto de la pandemia. Seguido se hará una revisión del estado del arte, donde mediante diferentes investigaciones, se ha abordado la problemática generada por la crisis sanitaria. Por último se expondrán algunas conclusiones y discusión de los resultados.Introducción 1. Justificación 2. Objetivos 3. Metodología 4. Marco de referencia 5. Marco teórico 6. Resultados y discusión de resultados Conclusiones ReferenciasPregradoEconomist

Illegal Immigration, Deportation Policy, and the Optimal Timing of Return

Countries with strict immigration policies often resort to deportation measures to reduce their stocks of illegal immigrants. Many of their undocumented foreign workers, however, are not deported but rather choose to return home voluntarily. This paper studies the optimizing behavior of undocumented immigrants who continuously face the risk of deportation, modeled by a stochastic process, and must decide how long to remain in the host country. It is found that the presence of uncertainty with respect to the length of stay abroad unambiguously reduces the desired migration duration and may trigger a voluntary return when a permanent stay would otherwise be optimal. Voluntary return is motivated by both economic and psychological factors. Calibration of the model to match the evidence on undocumented Thai migrants in Japan suggests that the psychological impact of being abroad as an illegal alien may be equivalent to as large as a 68% cut in the consumption rate at the point of return

Legal and illegal immigrants: an analysis of optimal saving behavior

Savings of guest workers as well as of undocumented migrants represent important inflows of foreign exchange for some developing countries. This paper compares the saving behavior of these two types of migrants, assuming that the former are authorized to work abroad for a specific period of time, while the latter can stay until apprehended and deported by the immigration authorities. Due to the risk of deportation, the saving rate of an illegal immigrant is found to be initially above that of a documented migrant. This precautionary saving phenomenon is, however, short-lived. A key finding of the paper is that the total repatriated assets of an illegal migrant are always lower than those of a documented worker, provided that their duration of stay abroad is identical. This is because the undocumented migrant’s saving rate falls over time as her expected lifetime earnings are adjusted upwards every day that she avoids apprehension.ISSN:0933-1433ISSN:1432-147

Credit Markets and Investment in Renewable Energy under Uncertainty

The present study examines the problem facing a resource-importing economy seeking to achieve energy independence by developing a renewable substitute. The invention of the substitute is assumed to follow a stochastic process that can be influenced by investment in energy research and development. I analyze the optimal investment strategy under alternative assumptions with respect to the economy's access to international financial markets, the terms on which credit is available, and the country's degree of dependence on resource imports. It is found that, in general, having access to capital markets does not necessarily lead to a higher investment rate. However, in the empirically relevant range of elasticity of intertemporal consumption substitution, the economy with access to credit invests more than under financial autarky. A higher degree of dependence on resource imports implies a lower optimal investment. Arrival of the substitute does not necessarily cause an immediate improvement in the net foreign asset position but may in fact cause its further deterioration.ISSN:1365-1005ISSN:1469-805

Illegal immigration, deportation policy, and the optimal timing of return

Countries with strict immigration policies often resort to deportation measures to reduce their stocks of illegal immigrants. Many of their undocumented foreign workers, however, are not deported but rather choose to return home voluntarily. This paper studies the optimizing behavior of undocumented immigrants who continuously face the risk of deportation, modeled by a stochastic process, and must decide how long to remain in the host country. It is found that the presence of uncertainty with respect to the length of stay abroad unambiguously reduces the desired migration duration and may trigger a voluntary return when a permanent stay would otherwise be optimal. Voluntary return is motivated by both economic and psychological factors. Calibration of the model to match the evidence on undocumented Thai migrants in Japan suggests that the psychological impact of being abroad as an illegal alien may be equivalent to as large as a 68% cut in the consumption rate at the point of return