The Use of Buccal Fat Pad in the Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Newer Method

Purpose of the study. This study was to evaluate the use of buccal fat pad as an interpositioning material in surgical management of oral sub mucous fibrosis. Materials and methods. A series of 8 cases with proven oral sub mucous fibrosis, with mouth opening less than 20 mm, involving the buccal mucosa were treated surgically in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Surgery, Saveetha University, Chennai. Pedicled buccal fat pad was used as an interpositioning material to cover the raw areas in the oral cavity after incision and release of fibrous bands. Results. In 8 patients, the range of pre operative mouth opening was 3–18 mm (mean 14 mm). As the result of the successful surgical procedure, the size of the intra operative mouth opening was ranged from 25–38 mm (mean 33.25 mm). The patients were discharged 5–7 days after the operation. The range of the mouth opening at this time was 25–36 mm (mean 30.63 mm). The results were evaluated using student's t test and found to be statistically significant. The pedicled grafts took up uneventfull

Evaluation of Varied Ferrule Geometry on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically treated Maxillary Central Incisors: An In Vitro Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors with irregular crown ferrule effect after static loading. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty maxillary central incisors were divided into 4 groups (n=10). Endodontic treatment was performed. Teeth were decoronated 3.5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Group I (control) had uniform 2mm long axial wall. Group II had length of labial axial wall reduced by 1mm. Group III had length of palatal axial wall reduced by 1mm. Group IV had no coronal dentine 1.5 mm above CEJ. The teeth received fiber reinforced posts and composite core restorations. Metal crowns were cemented with type I glass ionomer cement. The restored teeth samples were loaded on a universal testing machine for fracture testing. The results were subjected to one way ANOVA and HSD TUKEY test to analyze the statistical significance. RESULTS: The mean fracture load values (N) were, Group I 535.29N, Group II 657.34N, group III 426.2N, and group IV 362.6N. Analysis revealed Group II was statistically significant from Group IV (p0.000), Group III (p0.000) and Group I (p0.081). CONCLUSIONS: Uniform ferrule effect and Labial irregular ferrule effect increased the failure threshold. Palatal axial wall had profound effect on fracture resistance and in the absence of uniform 2mm axial wall, maximum 2mm palatal axial wall with minimum 1mm labial axial wall increased the fracture resistance. Insertion of a fiber post could reduce the percentage of catastrophic failure

Taylor-Couette flow in an elliptical enclosure generated by an inner rotating circular cylinder

Taylor-Couette flow between rotating cylinders is a classical problem in fluid mechanics and has been extensively studied in the case of two concentric circular cylinders. There have been relatively small number of studies in complex-shaped cylinders with one or both cylinders rotating. In this paper, we study the characteristics of Taylor cells in an elliptical outer cylinder with a rotating concentric inner circular cylinder. We numerically solve the three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations assuming periodicity in the axial direction. We use a Fourier-spectral meshless discretization by interpolating variables at scattered points using polyharmonic splines and appended polynomials. A pressure-projection algorithm is used to advance the flow equations in time. Results are presented for an ellipse of aspect ratio two and for several flow Reynolds numbers ($Re = \omega r_i (b-r_i))/\nu$, where $\omega$ = angular velocity [rad/s], $r_i$ = radius of inner cylinder, $b$ = semi-minor axis, and $\nu$ = kinematic viscosity) from subcritical to 300. Streamlines, contours of axial velocity, pressure, vorticity, and temperature are presented along with surfaces of Q criterion. The flow is observed to be steady until $Re = 300$ and unsteady at $Re = 350$.Comment: 35 pages, 33 figure

Comparison of Deionized Water and FC‐72 in Pool and Jet Impingement Boiling Thermal Management

High heat fluxes and stringent constraints on surface temperature and its uniformity during thermal management of electrical and electronic components often necessitate use of boiling heat transfer. This study compares the pool and jet impingement boiling heat transfer characteristics of deionized water and FC‐72 at an equivalent fluid saturation temperature of 57°C and for identical experimental conditions. To lower the saturation temperature of water down to 57°C, experiments with water are performed at a reduced absolute system pressure of 0.176 bar. Despite the reduction in pressure, pool boiling critical heat flux with deionized water is found to be 3.6 times larger than with FC‐72. Furthermore, jet impingement is seen to enhance boiling heat transport more significantly for water than for FC‐72. Consequently, heat transfer coefficients during jet impingement boiling are as much as 3.9 times larger for water compared to FC‐72 at identical Reynolds numbers and surface temperatures. The heat transfer advantage of using water is mainly associated with the superior thermophysical properties of this fluid. However, in addition to the large fluid saturation temperature at atmospheric conditions, direct cooling of electronics is frequently not possible using water due to the incompatibility of the fluid with electrical components. To assess the practical utility of subatmospheric deionized water through indirect cooling of electronics, a one‐dimensional heat sink analysis is performed on a multi‐chip module geometry. The overall thermal resistance of the heat sink using water is determined to be around two times lower than that of direct cooling of FC‐72 on a silicon substrate. Under saturation condition of the working fluids, dissipation of heat fluxes in excess of ~45 W/cm² with the multi‐chip module with water are constrained by the chip surface temperature limit.Keywords: Jet impingement boiling, Boiling heat transfer, Dielectric, Electronics cooling, Thermal resistance, FC‐72, Pool boiling, Heat sink, Thermal management, Deionized waterThis is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and can be found at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5503870. ©201X IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works

Oblivious Transfer in Incomplete Networks

Secure message transmission and Byzantine agreement have been studied extensively in incomplete networks. However, information theoretically secure multiparty computation (MPC) in incomplete networks is less well understood. In this paper, we characterize the conditions under which a pair of parties can compute oblivious transfer (OT) information theoretically securely against a general adversary structure in an incomplete network of reliable, private channels. We provide characterizations for both semi-honest and malicious models. A consequence of our results is a complete characterization of networks in which a given subset of parties can compute any functionality securely with respect to an adversary structure in the semi-honest case and a partial characterization in the malicious case

Calibration of Laser Induced Fluorescence Thermometry using 2'7' Dichlorofluorescein and Sulforhodamine B

An apparatus and method for calibrating planar laser induced fluorescence using a two-dye, two-color method was developed. A laser sheet was expanded from a 473 nm laser to excite dye solutions into higher energy states then fluoresced through spontaneous emission. The two fluorescent dyes selected for research and development were the primarily green emitting 2'7' dichlorofluorescein and the primarily red emitting sulforhodamine B. Planar laser induced fluorescence is used in thermal-fluids experiments as an accurate, non-invasive method for developing flow thermographs used to characterize the performance of experimental devices and methods. Two-color, two-dye methods are used because of their high accuracy, and potentially higher sensitivity relative to other thermography techniques because the temperature can be expressed as a function of only the fluorescence ratio of the two dyes and is independent of local laser intensity, which may vary considerably with time and space during an experiment. Calibration curves and relationships were developed that accurately correlated the local temperature of the solution to the intensity ratio of the dyes. Using a concentration of 2'7' Dichlorofluorescein of 4.624±0.294 × 10⁻⁶M and a concentration of Sulforhodamine B of 8.105±0.294 × 10⁻⁶M predicted temperature measurements had an uncertainty of 2.09 °C