Oral Probiotics on the Horizon: A Review

For the past few decades, bacteria known as probiotics have been added to food because of their beneficial effects on human health. Probiotics are a part of our daily food consumed as fermented foods with specially added active live cultures; such as in yogurt or as dietary supplements. Probiotics act by competing with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites, antagonising these pathogens or by modulating the host’s immune response. The potential application of probiotics for oral health has gradually garnered the attention of several teams of researchers. Although only a few clinical studies have been conducted so far, the results to date suggest that probiotics could be useful in the prevention and treatment of oral infections, including dental caries, periodontal disease and halitosis. This article briefly summarises the currently available data on the potential benefits of probiotics for oral health

Clinical Study Effect of Herbal and Fluoride Mouth Rinses on Streptococcus mutans and Dental Caries among 12-15-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

To assess and compare the effect of herbal and fluoride mouth rinses on Streptococcus mutans count and glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and dental caries, a parallel group placebo controlled randomized trial was conducted among 240 schoolchildren (12-15 years old). Participants were randomly divided and allocated into Group I (0.2% fluoride group), Group II (herbal group), and Group III (placebo group). All received 10 ml of respective mouth rinses every fortnight for a period of one year. Intergroup and intragroup comparison were done for Streptococcus mutans count and glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and dental caries. Streptococcus mutans count showed a statistically significant difference between Group I and Group III ( = 0.035) and also between Group II and Group III ( = 0.039). Glucan concentration levels showed a statistically significant difference ( = 0.024) between Group II and Group III at 12th month. Mean DMF scores showed no statistical difference between the three groups ( = 0.139). No difference in the level of significance was seen in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The present study showed that both herbal and fluoride mouth rinses, when used fortnightly, were equally effective and could be recommended for use in school-based health education program to control dental caries. Trial registration number is CTRI/2015/08/006070

Effect of Herbal and Fluoride Mouth Rinses on Streptococcus mutans and Dental Caries among 12–15-Year-Old School Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

To assess and compare the effect of herbal and fluoride mouth rinses on Streptococcus mutans count and glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and dental caries, a parallel group placebo controlled randomized trial was conducted among 240 schoolchildren (12–15 years old). Participants were randomly divided and allocated into Group I (0.2% fluoride group), Group II (herbal group), and Group III (placebo group). All received 10 ml of respective mouth rinses every fortnight for a period of one year. Intergroup and intragroup comparison were done for Streptococcus mutans count and glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans and dental caries. Streptococcus mutans count showed a statistically significant difference between Group I and Group III (p=0.035) and also between Group II and Group III (p=0.039). Glucan concentration levels showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.024) between Group II and Group III at 12th month. Mean DMF scores showed no statistical difference between the three groups (p=0.139). No difference in the level of significance was seen in the intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. The present study showed that both herbal and fluoride mouth rinses, when used fortnightly, were equally effective and could be recommended for use in school-based health education program to control dental caries. Trial registration number is CTRI/2015/08/006070

Evaluation of the various oral candida species among patients on hemodialysis: A clinical study

Introduction: Oral candidiasis develops as a result of an opportunistic infection. In patients on hemodialysis who may be immune-compromised, candida can change from a commensal to a pathogen. Identification and classification of Candida species are crucial for the treatment of these patients. To distinguish between distinct species of candida found in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure's oral cavity. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 people were investigated, including 50 patients with “Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)” on hemodialysis and 50 healthy controls. Using “Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA)” and “CHROM Agar Culture Media”, salivary samples were incubated for 24, 48, or 72 hours at 37°C to develop candida species. Colony forming units/milliliter, a unit of measurement for colonies, were counted and calculated (CFU). Results: On SDA and CHROM agar medium, positive candidal growth was seen in the CRF with HD and Control Groups. There was a significant variance in the growth and the subspecies distribution of the colonies among the groups. The most common species was c.albicans followed by c. cruzi and tropical. Other subspecies were negligible. The number of colonies was also greater than 400 CFU in the majority of the dialysis subjects, while it was only 200 CFU for the majority of the controls. Conclusion: Patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis showed significantly higher levels of candida isolation and differentiation than healthy individuals (P 0.05)

Assessment of parental satisfaction with various aesthetic crowns among children of various age groups: An original research

Introduction: Over the past ten years, parents have become more involved in choosing the aesthetic restorations for their ward. The strip crown and the prefabricated zirconia crown are some of the common anterior aesthetic complete crowns. The purpose of this study is to examine parental satisfaction over a one-year period in children aged three to five with “Strip Crowns” versus “Preformed Primary Anterior Zirconia Crowns”. Materials and Procedures: Current study included 20 children. Among them their both central incisors were restored using the two varieties of crowns. The distribution of participants was done using the permuted block randomization approach. Twenty parents who participated were called back over a year to complete the questionnaire. The data was collected and compared while the statistics are deemed significant at P < 0.05. Results: Both restoration options received positive feedback from parents. With strip crowns, there was a statistically significant correlation between overall happiness and longevity of the restoration (P = 0.003) and color (P = 0.033) in zirconium crowns. The parents who expressed less pleasure with the strip crowns' longevity and the color of zirconia crowns did so overall, though. Conclusion: In conclusion, prefabricated primary anterior zirconia crowns were more popular with parents than strip crowns. All other criteria were about equally well-liked by parents, with the exception of longevity, which was more common for zirconia crowns

Evaluation of the brain stem auditory evoked potential response among new borns post-recovery after hyper-bilirubinemia: An original research

Introduction: Neurological harm from neonatal hyperbilirubinemia includes loss of hearing and encephalopathy. The current research used the “Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA)” test to screen for as well as assess hearing loss in newborns who had recovered from hyperbilirubinemia. Materials and Procedures: A cross-sectional comparative investigation was conducted at a tertiary care center. Fifty neonates were included out of which 25 were healthy and 25 received treatment for the increased bilirubin. Prior to BERA testing, the subjects' ears were examined for any obstruction. Following a conventional lab procedure described, the BERA recordings were carried out after the neonate fell asleep on its own. The data collected were compared for the significance using the ANOVA, keeping P < 0.05 as significant. Results: In comparison to the controls, a large proportion of neonates in cases had BERA wave latencies that were delayed (I-R = 80, L = 84; III- R = 76, L = 84; V- R = 84, L = 88 percentages latencies). The percentage of subjects in whom the latencies was noted for the healthy neonates was lesser than the case group (I-R = 8, L = 24; III- R = 8, L = 8; V- R = 4, L = 12 percentages latencies). Comparable numbers of infants in each group had inter-peak latencies that were lengthy. Subjects in the case group showed that the threshold hearing as per the WHO grade was mild (R = 32, L = 36) and moderate (R = 32, L = 28). Conclusion: Elevated serum bilirubin may cause damage to hearing capability. After hyperbilirubinemia has been completely treated, BERA can detect even the slightest degree of hearing damage. BERA is therefore a useful technique for the quick recognition of hearing impairment in newborns. Early treatment helps in the prognosis so that the neurosensory systems can fully mature, and the patient can lead a quality life