Character association and path analysis for yield and its related traits in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) genotypes

The present investigation was conducted during Kharif, 2014 at Research Block, Department of Crop Improvement, College of Forestry, Ranichauri Campus, V.C.S.G. Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry. The thirty-five diverse genotypes of finger millet, Eleusine coracana (L.) including three checks viz., PRM-1, PRM-2 and VL-149 laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with replication. The data on 14 quantitative traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), peduncle length (cm), number of leaves on main culm, number of productive tillers per plant, number of fingers per ear, finger length (cm), ear length (cm), biological yield per plant (g), harvest index (%), 1000 seed weight, grain yield per plant (g) were collect-ed randomly from 5 plants form each genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among all thirty five genotypes with a wide range of mean values for different characters. Grain yield per plant exhibited very strong positive association with biological yield per plant (0.6196, 0.6805), harvest index (0.4370, 0.3624), number of productive tillers per plant (0.3950, 0.4477), 1000 seed weight (0.3697, 0.3972) and peduncle length (0.2473, 0.2694) at phenotypic and genotypic level. Path-coefficient analysis indentified biological yield per plant (0.8983, 1.1590) and harvest index (0.7390, 0.9162) as major direct contributors towards grain yield per plant at phenotypic and genotypic level. The characters identified above merit due consideration in formulating effective selection strategy in finger millet for developing high yielding varieties

FLIM-MAP: Gene Context Based Identification of Functional Modules in Bacterial Metabolic Pathways

Prediction of functional potential of bacteria can only be ascertained by the accurate annotation of its metabolic pathways. Homology based methods decipher metabolic gene content but ignore the fact that homologs of same protein can function in different pathways. Therefore, mere presence of all constituent genes in an organism is not sufficient to indicate a pathway. Contextual occurrence of genes belonging to a pathway on the bacterial genome can hence be exploited for an accurate estimation of functional potential of a bacterium. In this communication, we present a novel annotation resource to accurately identify pathway presence by using gene context. Our tool FLIM-MAP (Functionally Important Modules in bacterial Metabolic Pathways) predicts biologically relevant functional units called ‘GCMs’ (Gene Context based Modules) from a given metabolic reaction network. We benchmark the accuracy of our tool on amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism pathways

The IDENTIFY study: the investigation and detection of urological neoplasia in patients referred with suspected urinary tract cancer - a multicentre observational study

Objective To evaluate the contemporary prevalence of urinary tract cancer (bladder cancer, upper tract urothelial cancer [UTUC] and renal cancer) in patients referred to secondary care with haematuria, adjusted for established patient risk markers and geographical variation. Patients and Methods This was an international multicentre prospective observational study. We included patients aged ≥16 years, referred to secondary care with suspected urinary tract cancer. Patients with a known or previous urological malignancy were excluded. We estimated the prevalence of bladder cancer, UTUC, renal cancer and prostate cancer; stratified by age, type of haematuria, sex, and smoking. We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression to adjust cancer prevalence for age, type of haematuria, sex, smoking, hospitals, and countries. Results Of the 11 059 patients assessed for eligibility, 10 896 were included from 110 hospitals across 26 countries. The overall adjusted cancer prevalence (n = 2257) was 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.3–34.1), bladder cancer (n = 1951) 24.7% (95% CI 19.1–30.2), UTUC (n = 128) 1.14% (95% CI 0.77–1.52), renal cancer (n = 107) 1.05% (95% CI 0.80–1.29), and prostate cancer (n = 124) 1.75% (95% CI 1.32–2.18). The odds ratios for patient risk markers in the model for all cancers were: age 1.04 (95% CI 1.03–1.05; P < 0.001), visible haematuria 3.47 (95% CI 2.90–4.15; P < 0.001), male sex 1.30 (95% CI 1.14–1.50; P < 0.001), and smoking 2.70 (95% CI 2.30–3.18; P < 0.001). Conclusions A better understanding of cancer prevalence across an international population is required to inform clinical guidelines. We are the first to report urinary tract cancer prevalence across an international population in patients referred to secondary care, adjusted for patient risk markers and geographical variation. Bladder cancer was the most prevalent disease. Visible haematuria was the strongest predictor for urinary tract cancer

Analyzing the Effects of Urban Photopollution on Photosynthetic Efficiency of Certain Trees through Chlorophyll Fluorescence OJIP Transient

Trees in urban areas provide important ecosystem services and are an essential element of urban green space. The constant increase in artificial light from anthropogenic activities around the world creates photopollution that affects the phenology and physiology of plants. Here we conducted a field study to investigate the anthropogenic impacts on six urban trees (Saraca asoca, Terminalia catappa, Bauhinia variegata, Holoptelea integrifolia, Ficus benjamina and Thevetia peruviana) using chlorophyll fluorescence analysis. OJIP curve, maximum quantum yield of primary photochemistry (ΦPo), quantum yield of electron transport (ΦEo), probability that an absorbed photon will be dissipated (ΦDo), photosynthetic performance index (PIcsm) and reaction center photochemistry were assessed. According to the results, various parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence showed significant and important effects on different tree species. T. peruviana and F. benjamina were found to be tolerant to street lighting, while on the other hand, S. asoca, T. catappa, B. variegata and H. integrifolia were found to be sensitive to artificial light induced by street lamps. This study clearly indicates that chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is a potent method for screening the tolerance of tree species to photopollution induced by artificial lights

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Adaptive, Iterative, Long-Term Personalized Therapy Management in a Case of Stage IV Refractory NSCLC

In this paper we report long-term therapy management based on iterative de novo molecular and cellular analysis in a case of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with prior history of treated colorectal cancer. In the described case temporal tumor evolution, emergent therapy resistance and disease recurrences were addressed via the administration of personalized label- and organ-agnostic treatments based on de novo tumor profiling. This adaptive and iterative treatment strategy countered disease progression at each instance and led to the durable regression of primary as well as metastatic lesions. Concurrently, serial evaluation of mutations in cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) via liquid biopsy (LBx) was performed to monitor disease status, ascertain treatment response, identify emergent drug resistance and detect recurrence at sub-radiological levels. The treatment management strategy described herein effectively addressed multiple, sequential clinical conundrums for which viable options were unavailable under the current Standard of Care (SoC)

INTEGRATED HEALTH INFORMATION PLATFORM: AN ANALYSIS OF FUTURE POTENTIAL, CHALLENGES, AND GAPS FOR MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

India still has one of the world’s greatest burdens of infectious illnesses, driven by variables such as massive population, significant poverty, subpar sanitation, and impedances in access to basic health care. To overcome this burden, the Integrated Disease Monitoring Project (IDSP), funded by the World Bank, was established by the Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare in November 2004 to strengthen the country’s monitoring and response system. Several challenges in the effective utilization of IDSP and the need for elaborated epidemiological data for quick response led to the development and design of a novel Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP). This platform’s future impacts include better surveillance coverage, improved continuous monitoring, better-automated analysis, visualization and displaying of near-real-time data, and closed network linkage of various reporting units such as field staff, medical officers, and laboratory personnel. Data collection under IDSP was paper-based and it produced a weekly surveillance report this includes case-centric data with demographic, clinical, and laboratory details, and links it with IDSP’s S, P, and L formats. Developed by the Government of India, with the support from the WHO, this platform integrates the electronic health records of individuals from all parts of India, allowing greater continuity of the treatment, secure and confidential storage of data/records, enhanced illness diagnostics, reduction, and even prevention of medical errors. This paper is intended to study this novel IHIP model of the Government of India, highlight its current challenges, propose possible solutions, and predict future possibilities