Comparison between Three Phase and Five Phase Induction Motor by using Converter

Multiphase variable speed drives are becoming strong contenders for various applications. Industries have accepted the multilevel voltage source inverters (VSIs) and converters technologies in three-phase systems. Now a days attempts are being made for integrating multilevel VSIs and converters with the multiphase drive technology. Our paper provides a comparison between three phase and five phase induction motor by using converters. A general configuration of converter is considered and the differences with regard to the control of standard three-phase to three-phase converters are underlined. Our paper presents comparison between current, voltage and fault occurring in three phase and five phase induction motor. Our paper give parameters of five phase induction motor. ON the basis of fault occurring in three phase and five phase induction motor we had examine the working condition of the induction motor in three and five phase. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150713

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of aerobic bacterial strains isolated from periodontal lesions

Background: Periodontitis or gum disease is a serious gum disease that damages soft tissue and without treatment can destroy the bone that support the teeth. It is because of consequences of specific or non-specific bacterial infections. Drug resistance is a major concern in treatment of periodontitis also. So this study was planned to isolate, identify aerobic bacteria and to characterize the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of  isolate from periodontal lesions and to analyze host/patient related factors.Methods: Patients coming to dental OPD with signs and symptoms of periodontitis were selected for the study. Samples were collected from periodontal pockets using bent swab stick and were  processed for aerobic culture and  antibiotic susceptibility test. Demographic data, results of culture, isolated pathogens and its antimicrobial sensitivity related data were entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS software version 23.Results: Total 71 aerobic isolates were found out of 100 aerobic culture. In E.coli isolates 83% resistance was found for ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. K.oxytoca isolates show 75% resistance to ceftazidime. K.pneumonaie shows 75% resistance to ceftazidime, 50% to amoxiclav, 29% to minocyclin. S.viridans shows 22% resistance to azithromycin, 19% to tetracycline and erythromycin. In present study higher drug resistance was found in K.pneumonaie followed by E.coli, K.oxytoca, and S.viridans. There is significant association between dental hygiene and the culture result (chi-square=20.771, df=8. p<0.01) and no significant association between age and the culture result (chi-square=44.032, df=40, p=0.305) were found.Conclusions: Periodontitis patients shows drug resistant to commonly used antibiotics for the same. Also, there is an association between dental hygiene and culture positivity. So proper dental hygiene can prevent periodontitis

Numerical Analysis of Respiratory Aerosol Deposition: Effects of Exhalation, Airway Constriction and Electrostatic Charge

The dynamics of particle laden flows are integral to the analysis of toxic particle deposition and medical respiratory aerosol delivery. Computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) can play a critical role in developing a better understanding of particle laden flows, especially in a number of under-explored areas. The applications considered in this study include both the numerical aspects and the physical phenomena of respiratory aerosol transport. Objective I: Considering the effects of mesh type and grid convergence, four commonly implemented mesh styles were applied to a double bifurcation respiratory geometry and tested for flow patterns and aerosol deposition. Results indicated that the mesh style employed had a significant effect on the transport and deposition of aerosols with hexahedral meshes being most accurate. Objective II: In order to evaluate the effects of bronchoconstriction under exhalation conditions, normal and constricted pediatric airway models were considered. Results include (i) a significant increase in deposition for constricted airways, and (ii) a novel correlation for deposition during exhalation based on the Dean and Stokes numbers. Objective IIIa: Considering evaluation of an aerosol size sampler, an eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor (ACI) was numerically analyzed. The numerical simulations indicated high non-uniformity and recirculation in the flow field. Numerical predictions of retention fraction matched well with existing experiments (0.5 11% error). Objective IIIb: As an extension to this study, numerical predictions of electrostatic charge effects on aerosol transport and deposition in the ACI were presented. Charges consistent with standard pharmaceutical pressurized metered dose inhalers and dry powder inhalers were considered. The numerical predictions indicated that charged aerosols deposit as if they were 5 85% larger due to electrostatic effects. Applications of the studies considered include (i) quantitative guidance in selecting numerical mesh styles and development of standard grid convergence criteria, (ii) the development of more accurate whole-lung deposition models that better evaluate exhalation conditions,(iii) improvements in the design of pharmaceutical assessment and delivery devices, and (vi) correction values to account for electrostatic charge on pharmaceutical aerosols

The Carpooling System

With the enormous increase in number of vehicles on road, people around the country especially in metro cities have started facing problem now due to increase in traffic which added an hour or so to their daily travelling time. Out of few, one of the methods to reduce this misery of travelers is to make them share cars. We intent to make an ANDROID application, carpooling, which is an application of car-sharing (also called lift-sharing or ride-sharing) in which drivers (alone-riders) who are traveling to work alone can ask for fellow passengers through our application. For those who use public-transport system to go to work daily can use this application to find drivers who are travelling to the same destination and willing to share ride. This will not only get rid of the extra journey time of passengers but will also help environment by reducing pollution and traffic on roads. This social networking application is also called fare-sharing and time sharing as you are you are sharing both with fellow travelers. This paper will also cover security issues with woman travelers in mind. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.16044

Effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine on airway geometry, inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD patients

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated the potential beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the required dose and responder phenotype remain unclear. The current study investigated the effect of high-dose NAC on airway geometry, inflammation, and oxidative stress in COPD patients. Novel functional respiratory imaging methods combining multislice computed tomography images and computer-based flow simulations were used with high sensitivity for detecting changes induced by the therapy. Methods: Twelve patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II COPD were randomized to receive NAC 1800 mg or placebo daily for 3 months and were then crossed over to the alternative treatment for a further 3 months. Results: Significant correlations were found between image-based resistance values and glutathione levels after treatment with NAC (P = 0.011) and glutathione peroxidase at baseline (P = 0.036). Image-based resistance values appeared to be a good predictor for glutathione peroxidase levels after NAC (P = 0.02), changes in glutathione peroxidase levels (P = 0.035), and reduction in lobar functional residual capacity levels (P = 0.00084). In the limited set of responders to NAC therapy, the changes in airway resistance were in the same order as changes induced by budesonide/formoterol. Conclusion: A combination of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and imaging parameters could potentially be used to phenotype COPD patients who would benefit from addition of NAC to their current therapy. The findings of this small pilot study need to be confirmed in a larger pivotal trial

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF TABLETS CONTAINING ARTEMETHER MICROSPHERES AND LUMEFANTRINE

This study was aimed to fabricate and evaluate a combination of Artemether and Lumefantrine as tablets and to make Artemether in sustained form so as to prolong its elimination time. Artemether was formulated in form of microspheres by solvent evaporation technique and was then formed into the tablet along with the Lumefantrine. Artemether microspheres were prepared and compressed into compressible tablet by direct compression process using the compressible excipients along with Lumefantrine, and was further evaluated for various parameters such as hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, in vitro drug release and stability

The effects of extrafine beclometasone/formoterol (BDP/F) on lung function, dyspnea, hyperinflation, and airway geometry in COPD patients: novel insight using functional respiratory imaging

Background: The efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in moderately severe COPD patients remains unclear. At the same time, the use of extrafine particles in COPD patients is a topic of ongoing research. Objectives: This study assessed the effect of ICS in steroid-naive mild COPD patients and the effect of reducing the ICS dose in more severe COPD patients previously using ICS when switching to an extrafine particle BDP/F formulation (Foster using Modulite technology, Chiesi Pharmaceutici, Parma, Italy). Methods: Novel functional respiratory imaging (FRI) methods, consisting of multi-slice CT scans and Computational Fluid Dynamics, were used in combination with conventional pulmonary function tests and patient reported outcomes. Results: The study showed that the administration of extrafine BDP/F after 4-6 h led to a significant improvement in lung function parameters and hyperinflation as determined by spirometry, body plethysmography, and functional respiratory imaging. After 6 months of treatment, it was observed that, compared to baseline, the hyperinflation on lobar level at total lung capacity was significantly reduced (-1.19 +/- 7.19 %p, p=0.009). In addition, a significant improvement in SGRQ symptom score was noted in the entire patient population. Patients who improved in terms of hyperinflation also improved their MMRC dyspnea score. CFD indicated a difference in regional deposition between extrafine and non-extrafine formulations with -11% extrathoracic deposition and up to +4% lobe deposition for the extrafine formulation. Conclusions: The study showed that the administration of extrafine BDP/F improved lung function parameters and hyperinflation. Patients previously treated with ICS remained stable despite the lower dose, while ICS naive patients improved in terms of lobar hyperinflation. FRI seems to be a sensitive biomarker to detect clinically relevant changes that are not detected by spirometry. The next step is to confirm these findings in a controlled trial