Survey performed to enroll patients with suspected CE.

<p><b>Footnote:</b> CE: Cystic Echinococcosis</p><p>Survey performed to enroll patients with suspected CE.</p

The proportion of AgB-specific CD4⁺ T-cells producing IL-2⁺TNF-α⁺Th2⁺ (triple- positive) or TNF-α⁺Th2⁺ (double-positive) was increased in the “active stages” group compared to the “inactive stages” group.

<p>Proportion of the cytokine-producing subsets of the antigen-specific response in the different groups. <b>A.</b> Cytokine profile of the AgB-specific response in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>B.</b> Cytokine profile elicited by the control stimulus SEB in the “active stages”, “inactive stages”, and NO-CE subjects groups. The horizontal lines represent the median; statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p

Flow chart of the enrolled subjects.

<p>Flow chart of the enrolled subjects.</p

The proportion of triple-positive and double-positive T-cell subsets was increased in the “active stages” group compared to the “inactive stages” group.

<p>Proportion of the monofunctional and polyfunctional subsets in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. The horizontal lines represent the median. Black dots indicate the “active stages” CE patients, white dots indicate the “inactive stages” CE patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p

Demographical and clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects.

<p><b>Footnote</b>: N: Number; IQR: Interquartile Range; y: Year; US: Ultrasound.</p><p>Demographical and clinical characteristics of the enrolled subjects.</p

Magnitude and cytokine profile of the total AgB-specific-response.

<p>Flow cytometry evaluation of CD4⁺ T-cell response to AgB. <b>A.</b> Magnitude of the cytokine response to AgB (considering the production of any cytokine) in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>B.</b> Frequency of the "total cytokine response" elicited by the AgB in the “active stages” and “inactive stages” groups. <b>C.</b> Frequency of the "total cytokine response" elicited by the control stimulus SEB in the “active stages”, “inactive stages” and NO-CE subjects groups. The positive CD4⁺ T-cell response was defined as the production of any cytokines (IFN-γ and/or IL-2 and/or TNF-α and/or Th2 cytokines and/or IL-10) with 0.03% as the detection limit corresponding to at least 30 analyzed events. The horizontal lines represent the median. Black dots indicate the “active stages” CE patients, white dots indicate the “inactive stages” CE patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test, and p value was considered significant if ≤0.05.</p