The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>phages. Line 2: macrophages HIV-1 BaL infected and treated with MnTBAP (30 μM). Line 3: macrophages HIV-1 BaL infected

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-7

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated acutely (i.e. treated with drugs prior to virus challenge). Supernatants were collected day 14 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated chronically (i.e. treated with drugs 10 days after infection) with MnTBAP at indicated doses, and Amprenavir (4 uM). Supernatants were collected at day 8, 10, 15, 20 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-6

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ration, in cytoplasmatic vacuoles and in the extracellular space. By contrast in MnTBAP (30 μM) treated macrophages no viral particles are found. This observation support the hypothesis that MnTBAP treatment is able to prevent enveloped and unenveloped virions production

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>ted with 300 TCID50/ml HIV-1 BaL and treated acutely (i.e. treated with drugs prior to virus challenge). Supernatants were collected day 14 after infection and tested for virus production by analysis of HIV-1 p24 gag Ag production with a commercially available kit ELISA

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-4

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>. HIV-1 infection enhance the immunocytochemical expression of nitrotyrosine (Panel A) in compared to mock-infected macrophages (Panel B), indicating an increased production of peroxynitrite. Acute treatment with MnTBAP (30 μM) (Panel D), but not with AZT (0.05 μM) (Panel C) is able to inhibit in macrophages HIV-related peroxynitrite formation

The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages-3

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "The contribution of peroxynitrite generation in HIV replication in human primary macrophages"</p><p>http://www.retrovirology.com/content/4/1/76</p><p>Retrovirology 2007;4():76-76.</p><p>Published online 21 Oct 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC2173904.</p><p></p>nized MDA overproduction dose-dependently while AZT (0.05 μM) was not able to inhibit macrophages HIV-related MDA formation. † P < 0.001 when compared to control; * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.001 when compared to HIV-infected cells

MDA assay demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation in tolerant mice.

<p>Spinal cord extract from morphine group demonstrated a significant increase in MDA that was reduced by BPF (25 mg/kg) as well as by MnTBAP (10 mg/kg). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM for 15 rats. *P<0.001 vs Naive; †P<0.01 vs morphine.</p

Bergamot polyphenolic fraction components.

<p>Bergamot polyphenolic fraction components.</p

Chronic morphine administration is associated with increased superoxide formation in the L4-L5 portion of spinal cord.

<p>Chronic morphine administration induced an overproduction of O₂^·- in the spinal cord compared with mice naïve group as demonstrated by HE oxidation. BPF (25 mg/kg; n = 15) or MnTBAP (10 mg/kg) co-administration was able to reduce O₂^·- chronic morphine-induced increase. Original magnification, ×10. Micrographs are representative of at least 3 from different animals in experiments performed on different days.</p