Relations among mechanical properties, collagen fibers, and calcification in adult human cortical bone

The relations of ultimate tensile stress and strain and modulus of elasticity to collagen fiber orientation and degree of calcification were studied in thirty-six standardized specimens of unembalmed cortical bone from adult human tibias. Highly significant positive correlations were found between tensile stress and strain and percentage of dark osteons in the break area. A similar correlation occurred between tensile strain and dark osteons plus fragments. Tensile stress and strain had highly significant negative correlations with light osteons and their fragments but a lower negative correlation with intermediate osteons. Significant negative correlations were found between the intermediate radiolucent and the marked radiolucent osteons and tensile stress and strain, respectively. Partialing out interstitial lamellae and intermediate radiolucent areas revealed significant positive and negative correlations between tensile stress and dark and light osteons, respectively. No significant correlations occurred between modulus of elasticity and any of the histological variables.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33658/1/0000168.pd

Relations of the compressive properties of human cortical bone to histological structure and calcification

Compressive properties were determined for 65 standardized specimens of wet, unembalmed cortical bone from tibias of six men. Osteons were classified as dark, light or intermediate from their appearance in polarized light and as slightly, intermediately or markedly radiolucent from their appearance in microradiographs. Compressive strength had significant positive correlations with the percent of intermediate osteons or slightly radiolucent osteons in the cross section. Significant negative correlations occurred between compressive strength and percent of spaces. Compressive strain had a significant positive correlation with the percent of light osteons. Multiple correlation coefficients between compressive strength or strain and the various histologic and microradiographic variables were higher and more significant than that found with elastic modulus as the dependent variable. The significant positive correlation between compressive strength and the percent of osteons, regardless of their collagen fiber orientation in the cross-section, suggests that osteons tend to increase the compressive strength of bone.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22429/1/0000879.pd

Relation of collagen fiber orientation to some mechanical properties of human cortical bone

The percentage of dark, light, and intermediate osteons and their fragments, as seen in polarized light, was determined for 53 cross-sections of embalmed, adult human bone. Dark osteons have collagen fibers predominantly parallel with the long axis of the osteon while in light osteons the fibers are at a sharp angle to the long axis of the osteon. Intermediate osteons are mixed.Significant positive correlations were found between dark osteons alone, as well as when combined with their fragments, and the single shearing strength. Intermediate osteons alone, and when combined with their fragments, showed significant positive correlations with the (1) single shearing strength, (2) modulus of elasticity, and (3) percent elongation.Significant negative correlations were found between light osteons alone, and when combined with their fragments, and the (1) single shearing strength and (2) modulus of elasticity.No other significant correlations were found among the various types of osteons alone, or when combined with their fragments, and the mechanical properties of the specimens.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33002/1/0000386.pd

Captain Eagle vs Doctor Catastrophe

This project is designed as a challenge for only two artists and no techs. As an animation, it pushes our artistic abilities without requiring extensive technical knowledge and can still be used in a portfolio

Techniques in Motion Capture IQP

This project is designed to figure out and catalog how to use and apply the Motion Capture equipment at WPI so that any student group is able to use it in their own projects with a minimum of difficulty. We have set up a knowledge database, in the form of a wiki, and have added our resources and products to the IMGD repository, but they are ultimately community-driven and will grow along with the growing interest in motion capture technology. - Through independent research and experimentation, we have developed a series of techniques for capturing motion, cleaning the data that comes from it, and applying it to make an animation, with extensive use of Autodesk MotionBuilder

Demo Abstract: Distributed Control of a Swarm of Buildings Connected to a Smart Grid

Energy-efficient control mechanisms are necessary to manage the ever increasing energy demand. Recently several tools for building energy consumption control have been proposed for small (e.g. homes) and large (e.g. offices) buildings. The mechanism each tool uses is different, e.g. HVAC control and appliance rescheduling, but they share the goal of improving consumption of the buildings with respect to a given cost function. Some examples of cost functions are reduced energy consumption, reduced electricity bill, lower peak power, and increased ancillary service participation. The tools however do not capture the impacts of their control actions on the grid. These actions can lead to supply/demand imbalance and voltage/frequency deviation and thus, threaten grid stability. Utilities can take protective actions against those who cause instability by increasing electricity price or even momentarily disconnecting them from the grid. The effects of these protective actions can be so severe that the savings obtained by building management tools might disappear

The Swarm at the Edge of the Cloud

The paper explains how to use sensors as the eyes, ears, hands, and feet for the cloud. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges when integrating sensors and cloud computing