8 research outputs found
Dire la France: Culture(s) et identités nationales (1981-1995)
Depuis prĂšs d'une dĂ©cennie, la controverse sur lâidentitĂ© nationale dĂ©chire les familles politiques, divise le monde intellectuel et embrase la sociĂ©tĂ© française. La gĂ©nĂ©alogie de cette obsession identitaire est peu connue. Elle est pourtant rĂ©vĂ©latrice dâune histoire oubliĂ©e, lorsque dans les annĂ©es 1980, lâambition politique de dire la France faisait rimer culture et identitĂ© nationale.Comment la culture est-elle devenue Ă cette Ă©poque un enjeu majeur, jusquâĂ constituer le socle du rĂ©cit national ? Tirant un fil qui revisite les grandes heures de la politique culturelle sous François Mitterrand, remĂ©more le combat contre lâantiimpĂ©rialisme amĂ©ricain, traverse les politiques du « droit Ă la diffĂ©rence » et leur remise en cause pour sâachever avec la bataille de lâexception culturelle en 1993, Vincent Martigny ressuscite lâatmosphĂšre dâune dĂ©cennie cruciale pour dĂ©chiffrer les querelles contemporaines de lâidentitĂ©. (RĂ©sumĂ© Ă©diteur
Dynamiques de campagne et choix des candidats: La primaire de la droite et du centre au miroir de La Boussole présidentielleŸ (2016-2017)
This article aims at analysing the dynamics of the Right and Centre primary election campaign that led to the âsurpriseâ victory of François Fillon in November 2016. Relying on a dataset collected through the online Voting Advice Application (VAA) of « La Boussole prĂ©sidentielle », it tries to understand the stakes of this victory. It demonstrates that in a context of candidatesâ polarization during the election, François Fillon appeared as a moderate candidate to voters of the primary election, far from the reality of his rather radical platform, a compromise candidate between Alain JuppĂ©âs more centrist stance and the more radical Nicolas Sarkozy. The article also shed light on the pre-eminence of François Fillonâs image, and in particular his presidentiality during the campaign, a major condition for his victory. Such conclusions tend to underline the significance of campaign dynamics over issues in primary elections.Cet article entreprend dâanalyser les dynamiques de la campagne des primaires de la droite et du centre qui ont permis la victoire « surprise » de François Fillon en novembre 2016. En sâappuyant sur un corpus de donnĂ©es collectĂ©es grĂące au SystĂšme dâAide au Vote (SAV) de « La Boussole prĂ©sidentielle », il tente de comprendre les ressorts de cette victoire. Il dĂ©montre notamment que dans un contexte de polarisation des candidats lors de lâĂ©lection, François Fillon est apparu aux Ă©lecteurs de la primaire comme un candidat modĂ©rĂ©, loin de la rĂ©alitĂ© de son programme, un bon compromis entre les centristes rĂ©unis autour dâAlain JuppĂ© et les soutiens de Nicolas Sarkozy, jugĂ©s plus radicaux. Autre rĂ©sultat dĂ©montrĂ© dans les donnĂ©es tirĂ©es de « La Boussole prĂ©sidentielle », ce sont moins les enjeux programmatiques soulevĂ©s par ce dernier que son image et sa prĂ©sidentialitĂ© qui ont permis sa dĂ©signation. De telles conclusions tendent Ă souligner lâimportance des dynamiques de campagne dans un scrutin comme les primaires, au dĂ©triment des propositions des candidats
Seeing right through the campaign: Candidate dynamics in the 2016 French primary elections of the right and center using the la Boussole présidentielleŸ VAA
Drawing on a dataset collected through the online Voting Advice Application (VAA) of La Boussole prĂ©sidentielleÂź, this article analyses the dynamics in the first ever primary election campaign of the French right and centre. Our analyses show that, in a context of substantial within-party polarization between candidates, François Fillon emerged as a middle-ground candidate between the relatively centrist Alain JuppĂ©âs and the more radical right-wing stances of Nicolas Sarkozy. The article also highlights the pre-eminence of François Fillonâs image, and in particular his ability to appear âpresidentialâ during the campaign, a major factor for his victory. Such conclusions emphasise the significance of campaign dynamics over policy issues in primary elections
Persistent Chronic Inflammation and Infection by Chikungunya Arthritogenic Alphavirus in Spite of a Robust Host Immune Response
International audienceAlphaviruses, including Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), produce a transient illness in humans, but severe forms leading to chronic incapacitating arthralgia/arthritis have been reported by mechanisms largely ill-characterized. The pathogenesis of CHIKV was addressed in a prospective cohort study of 49 hospitalized patients from Reunion Island subsequently categorized into two distinct groups at 12 mo postinfection. Comprehensive analyses of the clinical and immunological parameters throughout the disease course were analyzed in either the ârecoveredâ or the âchronicâ groups to identify prognostic markers of arthritis-like pathology after CHIKV disease. We found that the chronic group consisted mainly of more elderly patients (\textgreater60 y) and with much higher viral loads (up to 1010 viruses per milliliter of blood) during the acute phase. Remarkably, a rapid innate immune antiviral response was demonstrated by robust dendritic/NK/CD4/CD8 cell activation and accompanied by a rather weak Th1/Th2 cytokine response in both groups. Interestingly, the antiviral immune response witnessed by high levels of IFN-α mRNA in PBMCs and circulating IL-12 persisted for months only in the chronic group. CHIKV (RNA and proteins) was found in perivascular synovial macrophages in one chronic patient 18 mo postinfection surrounded by infiltrating NK and T cells (CD4++ but rare cytotoxic CD8). Fibroblast hyperplasia, strong angiogenesis, tissue lesions given the high levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2, and acute cell death [high cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase staining] were observed in the injured synovial tissue. These observed cellular and molecular events may contribute to chronic arthralgia/arthritis targeted by methotrexate used empirically for effective treatment but with immunosuppressive function in a context of viral persistence