13,407 research outputs found
Extending Protection at the WTO to Products Other Than Wines and Spirits: Who Will Benefit?
The issue of extending geographic indicator protection to products other than wines and spirits has created wide divergences between demandeurs and opponent countries at the WTO. This article examines the economic impacts of the proposals submitted at the WTO by these two groups of countries, focusing mainly on market access, generic names and impacts for the consumer in North America. Results from our survey show that reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers in North America would be more important in improving market access for EU geographical indications (GIs) than would GI extension. In addition, it would appear that North American consumers may not benefit from extension of protection to products other than wines and spirits..generic names, geographical indications, market access, WTO, International Relations/Trade,
On some simplicial elimination schemes for chordal graphs
We present here some results on particular elimination schemes for chordal
graphs, namely we show that for any chordal graph we can construct in linear
time a simplicial elimination scheme starting with a pending maximal clique
attached via a minimal separator maximal (resp. minimal) under inclusion among
all minimal separators
Multitriangulations, pseudotriangulations and primitive sorting networks
We study the set of all pseudoline arrangements with contact points which
cover a given support. We define a natural notion of flip between these
arrangements and study the graph of these flips. In particular, we provide an
enumeration algorithm for arrangements with a given support, based on the
properties of certain greedy pseudoline arrangements and on their connection
with sorting networks. Both the running time per arrangement and the working
space of our algorithm are polynomial.
As the motivation for this work, we provide in this paper a new
interpretation of both pseudotriangulations and multitriangulations in terms of
pseudoline arrangements on specific supports. This interpretation explains
their common properties and leads to a natural definition of
multipseudotriangulations, which generalizes both. We study elementary
properties of multipseudotriangulations and compare them to iterations of
pseudotriangulations.Comment: 60 pages, 40 figures; minor corrections and improvements of
presentatio
Education supply, economic growth and the dynamic of skills
This paper examines the dynamics of the skill supply and its incidence on economic growth in the presence of education policies. When there are indivisibilities in the financing of human capital, small differences in the initial distribution of skills may greatly affect the stationary distribution : the economy may end up in a "low skill trap", or in a high skill equilibrium. The model implies that for some ranges of initial distributions there will be intergenerational immobility. Finally, cross-country différences in long-term macroeconomic adjustment to education policies may be attributed, among other factors, to the existence of a congestion effect in the education System.Groth, Education, Human capital, Social mobility
Electron acceleration in vacuum by ultrashort and tightly focused radially polarized laser pulses
Exact closed-form solutions to Maxwell's equations are used to investigate
electron acceleration driven by radially polarized laser beams in the
nonparaxial and ultrashort pulse regime. Besides allowing for higher energy
gains, such beams could generate synchronized counterpropagating electron
bunches.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of the Ultrafast
Phenomena XVIII conferenc
Sample-path Large Deviations in Credit Risk
The event of large losses plays an important role in credit risk. As these
large losses are typically rare, and portfolios usually consist of a large
number of positions, large deviation theory is the natural tool to analyze the
tail asymptotics of the probabilities involved. We first derive a sample-path
large deviation principle (LDP) for the portfolio's loss process, which enables
the computation of the logarithmic decay rate of the probabilities of interest.
In addition, we derive exact asymptotic results for a number of specific
rare-event probabilities, such as the probability of the loss process exceeding
some given function
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