Spectrum of acute kidney injury in patients of tropical acute febrile illness in a tertiary hospital

Background: Tropical acute febrile illnesses (TAFI) such as malaria, typhoid, leptospirosis, dengue are major causes of AKI in the tropics. The spectrum of AKI due to TAFI in developing countries like India is still underestimated. Hence, we conducted a study to know the spectrum of AKI in patients of TAFI. Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Yashoda hospital, Secunderabad a tertiary care hospital in India from April 2019 to March 2020. AKI was defined as per KDIGO. The clinical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations were recorded in a standard proforma. Results: Hundred patients suffering from TAFI were admitted during the study period. Mean age of the study population was 43.12±14.33 years. Twenty-six (60.5%) were males. Most common presenting feature was fever (100%), chills (81.4%) and vomiting (67.4%). The most common cause of TAFI was dengue (n=49, 49%), leptospirosis (n=20, 20%), followed by malaria (n=10, 10%), scrub typhus (n=10, 10%) and undifferentiated fever (n=6, 6%). 43 patients (43%) had AKI as per KDIGO definition. 23 patients (53.5%) had stage 1, 11 (25.6%) had stage 2 and 9 (20.9%) had stage 3 AKI. RRT was required in 16.3% of patients. Dengue and leptospirosis were the most common causes for requirement of RRT. SLED was the most common modality of dialysis. Mortality was observed in 6.98% patients and Dengue was the most common cause of mortality. Conclusions: AKI is common in tropical acute febrile illness. However, RRT was required only in 16.3% and mortality was observed in 6.98% patients

Isolation and molecular characterization of symbiotic bacterial isolates associated with entomopathogenic nematodes in agro climatic zone 5 of Karnataka

The investigation was carried out to study the biochemical characterization of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from agro climatic zone 5 of Karnataka. Twenty two entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated by insect bait method using fifth instar larvae of Galleria mellonella. Twenty symbiotic bacteria were isolated from these entomopathogenic nematodes and named based on the source place. These isolates were identified based on microscopic observation, biochemical and physiological characters like Gelatin liquefaction test, Catalase test, Lactose fermentation test, Urease test, Motility test and Colony morphology studies on Nutrient agar, NBTA and Mac Conkey agar media. The diversity of these isolates was characterized by using RAPD markers. Primer screening was carried out using 13 decamer random primers, out of which 7 primers were detected for RAPD analysis. A total of 44 bands were scored out of which 42 bands were found to be polymorphic. Statistical analysis of RAPD data clearly depicted that all the 20 symbiotic bacterial isolates formed four major clusters. The percent polymorphism observed in the isolates was 95.45% which is quiet high and suggests that the symbiotic bacterial population exhibit high genetic diversity

Pathogenicity of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes on larvae of Galleria mellonella

The investigation was carried out to study the effect of different population of symbiotic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes isolated from agroclimatic zone 5 of Karnataka on second instar larvae of greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella by artificial diet method. Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated by insect bait method and symbiotic bacteria were isolated and identified by morphological and biochemical tests. Second instar larvae of G. mellonella were fed with artificial diet containing different populations of bacterial cells and mortality data of larvae was recorded after 48hrs. The cumulative mortality of larvae has increased with increase in the concentration of bacterial cells. The median lethal concentration varied among the bacterial isolates against G.mellonella larvae. Among the twenty isolates used in the study, isolate KPR1 was found to be highly pathogenic with a lower median lethal concentration of  0.018x105 cells/ml followed by HEB2 (0.084x105 cells/ml), KPR4 (0.12x105 cells/ml), CHK1(0.13x105 cells/ml), KPR3(0.16x105 cells/ml), EXP2 (0.19x105 cells/ml) CHK2 (0.19x105 cells/ml), RMG2(0.20x105 cells/ml). The remaining twelve bacterial isolates showed higher median lethal concentration with isolate BGR showing the highest LD50 of 26x105 cells/ml. These results suggest that the toxic activity to G. mellonella varied among the Symbiotic bacteria isolated from different locations.ÂÂ

Transmittance behaviour of curtain fabrics under natural lighting conditions

The light transmittance behaviour of four different coloured curtain fabrics has been studied under natural lightingconditions (morning, afternoon and evening). The intensity of incident sunlight and transmitted light from the samples aremeasured using Luxmeter, in an enclosed black chamber. The percentage of transmitted light is calculated with reference tothe incident sunlight, to study the influence of colour and number of fabric layers. It is observed that the transmittancebehaviour of curtain fabrics is highly influenced by its colour due to the spectrum of colours, which is followed by theinfluence of number of layers and sunlight conditions. Further, the transmittance % of curtain is also influenced by thewavelength of incident sunlight

Studies on serviceability of jute geotextiles in unpaved roads at different rainfall conditions

Geotekstili u cestama osiguravaju bolje pojačanje i funkcije odvodnjavanja. Za potrebe ispitivanja, čiji rezultati su objavljeni u ovom radu, položeno je jutenog geotekstila/geojute površinske mase 760 g/m2 u neasfaltiranim cestama s pješčanim slojem i bez pješčanog sloja, u trajanju od 30, 60 i 90 dana koji su bili izloženi simuliranoj kiši 50 i 100 mm/h. Uočeno je da na prekidnu čvrstoću, prekidno istezanje i otpornost na probijanje, koji utječu na funkciju pojačavanja jutenim tekstilom, značajno utječe prisutnost pješčanog sloja u konstrukciji ceste. Zatim su ispitani utjecaj intenziteta kiše i vrijeme upotrebe. Pješčani sloj i intenzitet kiše su značajno utjecali na prosječnu veličinu pora koja utječe na funkciju drenaže jutenog tekstila.Geotextiles in roads provide better reinforcement and drainage functions. In this paper, 760 g/m2 grade jute geotextiles/geojute were laid in unpaved road designs with and without sand layer, for durations of 30, 60 and 90 days, and were subjected to 50 and 100 mm/hour simulated rainfall. It was observed that the tensile strength, breaking elongation and puncture resistance properties, which influence the reinforcement function of jute geotextiles are significantly influenced by the presence of sand layer in road design, which was followed by rainfall intensity and duration of usage. The average pore size which influences the drainage function of jute geotextiles was highly influenced by the sand layer and rainfall intensity

A NEW GENERATION PROGRAM FOR AUTOMOBILE POSITIONING SYSTEM

When using the cell phone programs, communication will occur when the wise phone is placed close to the NFC visitors. Ahead of time, the wise phone is installed when using the android apps to completely utilize the functions of ISCAPS. When using the cell phone programs, customer may reserve car park in advance, permitting the customer to complement later. Instead of while using the conventional “Season Pass” or ticket, ISCAPS uses the Near Field Communication (NFC) cause of wise phone as parking ticket. Innovative Wise Vehicle Parking System (ISCAPS) integrated with e-Valet technology is recommended in this paper. When using the recommended ISCAPS using RFID (RF Identification) cards and paper tickets will likely be removed resulting less pricey, more convenience and eco-friendly. The e-Valet function works like what sort of valet parking would function. It ensures car park availability for that incoming customer. Therefore, customer only must tap the wise phone over the designated visitors to enter the car park and tap again going to accomplish payment. Adriano microcontroller may be used since the brain inside the system and control the input progression of the system. In addition, vehicle searching function is incorporated, that helps clients to uncover their vehicle when forgotten

Promoting the adoption of improved ICM technologies in chickpea by poor farmers in Nepal

Chickpea is an important source of protein in Nepal for both poor rural and urban families. Yields of legumes including chickpea have decreased in recent years, primarily due to disease and insect pest problems, and the reluctance of farmers to invest time and money in a crop which increasingly fails. This project aimed to improve, validate and evaluate a complete integrated crop management (ICM) strategy for chickpea on farms; to persuade farmers to adopt the strategy through workshops and farm trials in some of the poorest areas of Nepal; and to promote the strategy widely to the press. and other stakeholders. The improved seed and technologies offered were in high demand by farmers, and the project produced evidence to show that the outputs (increased yield of a cash crop) have been translated into significant impacts on livelihood, including improved housing, debt repayment, education costs, clothes and healthcare. The value of the improved seed has been impressive and will benefit farmers in the longer term. An innovative promotional strategy promoted the findings to policymakers as well as farmers, and used the popular media in Nepal and the UK to publicise the wor

Assessment of Pteridophyte Diversity and their Status in Gujarat State, Western India

An intensive field survey was carried out from the hilly regions, plains of different climatic regimes and agricultural land of Gujarat state. About 23 species were collected from Gujarat state, from which eight species viz., Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link, Adiantum caudatum L., A. incisum Forssk., Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw., Pteris vittata L., Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spring, S. delicatula (Desv. ex Poir.) Alston, and S. repanda (Desv. ex Poir.) Spring. were added as new distributional record for the Gujarat state. Increasing anthropogenic pressure, destruction of forest ecosystem and development of infrastructure facilities including road widening and rainwater harvesting program by deepening of the natural ponds are additional reasons for declining terrestrial and aquatic pteridophyte diversity respectively. Our survey concludes that E. debile is regionally extinct in the wild while Isoetes coromandeliana, will be lost from its natural habitat in short time if not conserved properly. Therefore, there is an urgent need of in situ conservation by developing action plans in collaboration with the state forest department