A Cephalometric Comparative Study for Upper Airway Dimensions in Different Craniofacial Growth Patterns

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To compare different craniofacial patterns with pharyngeal widths. In OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) patients, a mutual association between the pharyngeal structures and the dentofacial patterns has been suggested. The present study was performed to compare the nasopharynx, oropharynx and hypopharynx dimensions of persons with hypodivergent, normodivegent and hyperdivergent facial types and to predict and to facilitate treatment for OSA patients.Hypothesis: The Null hypothesis for the study was that there is no difference between the upper airway for patients with different growth pattern.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised 60 patients divided into three groups: hypodivergent (n=20), normodivergent (n=20), and hyperdivergent (n=20) according to Jarabak’s ratio and FH-MP angle, which were used to compare the soft tissue airway dimensions. The statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-Test, one way ANOVA (analysis of variance) and LSD (Least significant difference) test.RESULT: Overall narrower anteroposterior pharyngeal dimension was found in the hyperdivergent group as compared to the normodivergent group. Whereas, the superior part of upper pharyngeal width in the subjects with hypodivergent growth pattern was significantly narrower than in normal growth pattern groups.CONCLUSION: In hyperdivergent patients, the narrower anterioposterior dimension of the airway may be due to the skeletal features common to such patients, i.e., posterior vertical maxillary excess, posterior position and decreased mandibular size. The variations of the upper airway may be attributed to the horizontal and vertical growth patterns. Upper airway obstruction and later on OSA may be predisposed by skeletal deficiency

The Use of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in Children with Special Needs

ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the need for orthodontic treatment in children with special needs. Method: The study group was 78 children with special needs attending special schools, 12–15 years of age.  The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used in order to estimate the orthodontic treatment need. Results: When the dental health component (DHC) of IOTN was considered, 6.4 per cent of children with special needs showed very great need treatment, 24.4 per cent great need treatment, 10.3 per cent moderate need treatment, 29.5 per cent little need treatment and  29.5 per cent no need treatment. The aesthetic component (AC) of IOTN in these children resulted in 16.7 per cent great need, 23.0 per cent moderate need, 60.3 per cent little or no need. There was significant correlation between DHC grade and AC grade for male (0.320) as well as female (0.701). But the differences between the IOTN values for the boys and girls were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that a large proportion of the children with specials needs had very severe malocclusion where treatment is considered mandatory. Mentally disabled children have more orthodontic treatment needs than the treatment needs for sensory impaired children. Key words: Children with special needs, Index of orthodontic treatment need, Malocclusion

Reliability of permanent mandibular first molars and incisors widths as predictor for the width of permanent mandibular and maxillary canines and premolars

Aim: Preventive measures are necessary to prevent a potential irregularity from progressing into a more severe malocclusion. The determination of the tooth size-arch length discrepancy in mixed dentition requires an accurate prediction of the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: For the study, 200 subjects in the age group of 16-25 years were selected from various colleges of M. M. University. The mesiodistal width of permanent mandibular incisors, first molars, canines and premolars of both arches were measured on the subject cast using an electronic digital caliper. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between mesiodistal tooth widths of males and females. Linear regression equation was determined to predict the sum of mandibular and maxillary permanent canines and premolars using mandibular first molars plus the four mandibular incisors as predictors. Results: There was no significant difference between the actual and predicted width of sum of permanent canines and premolars using regression equations. The predicted widths of both arches using Tanaka and Johnston equations showed significant differences. Determined regression equations for males were accurate in male samples and determined regression equation for females were accurate in female samples for both arches

Oral lichen planus and stress: An appraisal

Introduction: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by bilateral white striations or plaques on the buccal mucosa, tongue or gingiva that has a multifactorial etiology, where the psychogenic factors seem to play an important role. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the existing relation between the OLP and psychological alterations of the patient, such as stress, anxiety, and depression. Materials and Methods: Hospital anxiety and depression scale was applied for psychometric analysis. Results: The study indicates a definitive relationship between a stressful life event and onset and progression of OLP. Conclusion: Stress management and bereavement counseling should be a part of management protocol of OLP

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

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