Hypergeometric Inequalities for Certain Unified Classes of Multivalent Harmonic Functions

In this paper, we consider unified classes PH (m, A,B) H and QH (m, A,B) H of multivalent harmonic functions F = H +G∈H(m) . Some hypergeometric inequalities for the functions of the class H(m) defined by generalized hypergeometric functions to be in these unified classes and its sub classes TPH (m, A,B) H and TQH (m, A,B) H , respectively, are obtained. Results, involving some integral operators are also given. Further, some special cases of the results are mentioned

Changes in concentration and size distribution of aerosols during fog over the south Indian Ocean

Measurements of the concentration and size distribution of aerosol particles in the size-ranges of 0.5-20 μm and 16-700 nm diameters were made during six fog episodes over the south Indian Ocean. Observations show that concentrations of particles of all sizes start decreasing 1-2 hours before the occurrence of fog. This decrease is more prominent for coarse particles of >1 μm diameter and continues until 10-20 minutes before the onset of fog when particle concentrations in all size ranges rapidly increase by one/two orders of magnitude in ~20 minutes. Thereafter, concentrations of particles of all sizes gradually decrease until the dissipation of fog. After the fog dissipation, concentrations of coarse mode particles rapidly increase and restore to their pre-fog levels but concentrations of the Aitken mode particles decrease slowly and reach their pre-fog levels only after 1-2 hours. The net effect of fog is to change the bimodal size distributions of aerosols with a coarse mode at 1.0 μm and an accumulation mode at 40-60 nm to a power law size distribution. It is proposed that the preferential growth and sedimentation of the coarse mode hygroscopic particles in the initial phase cause a large decrease in the aerosol surface area. As a result, the low vapour pressure gases which were initially being used for the growth of coarse mode particles, now accelerate the growth rates of the accumulation and Aitken mode particles

Airborne measurements of submicron aerosols across the coastline at Bhubaneswar during ICARB

Airborne measurements of the number concentration and size distribution of aerosols from 13 to 700 nm diameter have been made at four vertical levels across a coastline at Bhubaneswar (20°25'N, 85°83'E) during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) programme conducted in March-April 2006. The measurements made during the constant-level flights at 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 km altitude levels extend ~100 km over land and ~150km over ocean. Aerosol number concentrations vary from 2200 to 4500 cm-3 at 0.5 km level but are almost constant at ~6000 cm-3 and ~800 cm-3 at 2 and 3 km levels, respectively. At 1km level, aerosol number concentration shows a peak of 18,070 cm-3 around the coastline. Most of the aerosol size distribution curves at 0.5 km and 1 km levels are monomodal with a maxima at 110 nm diameter which shifts to 70 nm diameter at 2 and 3 km levels. However, at the peak at 1 km level, number concentration has a bimodal distribution with an additional maximum appearing in nucleation mode. It is proposed that this maxima in nucleation mode at 1 km level may be due to the formation and transport of new particles from coastal regions

Real-time sensing of static displacement and vibrations using HOM interference based quantum sensor

Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference, bunching of two indistinguishable photons on a balanced beam-splitter, has emerged as a promising tool for quantum sensing. The interference dip-width, thus the spectral-bandwidth of interfering pair-photons, highly influences the resolution of HOM-based sensors. Typically, the pair-photons bandwidth, generated through parametric down-conversion, is increased using bulky and expensive ultrafast lasers, limiting their use outside the lab. Here we show the generation of pair-photons with flexible spectral-bandwidth even using single-frequency, continuous-wave diode laser enabling high-precision, real-time sensing. Using 1-mm-long periodically-poled KTP crystal, we produced degenerate, high-brightness, paired-photons with spectral-bandwidth of 163.42$\pm$1.68 nm resulting in a HOM-dip width of 4.01$\pm$0.04 $\mu$m to measure a displacement of 60 nm, and vibration amplitude of $205\pm0.75$ nm with increment (resolution) of $\sim$80 nm, and frequency of 8 Hz. Deployment of Fisher-information and maximum likelihood estimator enables optical delay measurement as small as 4.97 nm with precision (Cram\'er-Rao bound) and accuracy of 0.89 and 0.54 nm, respectively. The 17$\times$ enhancement of Fisher-information for the use of 1 mm crystal over 30 mm empowers the HOM-based sensor achieving any arbitrary precision (say $\sim$5 nm) in small number of iterations ($\sim$3300) and time (19 minutes); establishing it's capability for real-time, precision-augmented, in-field quantum sensing applications

Cost Analysis and Water Conservation Potential of Irrigation Technologies in the Texas Panhandle Water Planning Area

Six irrigation systems are analyzed considering cost and potential water savings. The investment cost of furrow and drip is $115,800 and$260,120, respectively. The cost of quarter mile pivot ranges from $59,000 to$64,000. Per ac-in variable pumping cost ranges $9.96 to$14.86 assuming natural gas price $7.00 per MCF.Irrigation Technology, Ground Water Planning, Texas Panhandle, Water Conservation, Ogallala, Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Evaluation of nephroprotective and nephrocurative activity of Solanum nigrum on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in experimental rats

Background: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are most commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of gram negative infections. Nephrotoxicity is the main side effect that restricts its long duration use. Modern medicines to treat nephrotoxicity are costly and also not vary effective. Solanum nigrum fruits, having potent antioxidant property can be used for nephroprotection as well as nephrocure.Methods: The study was carried out in two phases. Nephroprotective phase, 54 rats were randomized in 3 groups named G10, G20 & G30 according to 10, 20 & 30 days of treatment. Each group was randomized in three subgroups i.e. control C group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) daily for test duration], GT group [received normal saline (2 ml/100 gm/day) daily for test duration & intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40mg/kg) for last five days] & SNT group [received orally S.nigrum (200 mg/kg/day) daily for the test duration and intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/kg) for last five days]. Rats were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of gentamicin (on 11th, 21st and 31st day). In nephrocurative phase, 72 rats were randomised in two groups of 36 rats each. Group-1 received intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/dl) for five days. Group-2 received intra-peritoneal gentamicin (40 mg/dl) for five days and then S.nigrum (200 mg/kg/day) orally till the rats are sacrificed. Six rats from each group were sacrificed on 3rd, 5th, 7th, 10th, 12th and 14th day after administration of last dose of gentamicin. Blood sample were taken for evaluation of BUN and serum creatinine.Results: There was significant decrease in BUN and serum creatinine values as compared to GT group in all test duration in phase-1. In phase two there was no significant difference of these markers in two groups.Conclusions: S.nigrum fruits extract provide nephroprotection against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Parichha Thermal Power Station in Jhansi, India

Ash samples were collected from a dumping site (fly ash) and an electronic precipitator (ESP) of a 640MW thermal power station for characterization. Analysis of ash sample showed that the major matrix elements in fly ash were Si and Al together with significant percentage of K, Fe, Ca and Mg. Some of the biologically toxic elements Ni, Cr, Pb, B and Mo, were also present in substantial amounts. The saturation moisture percentages of both ashes were higher, but bulk density lower, than the normal cultivated soils

Nitrogen Mineralization in Soil Amended with Crop Residue: An Incubation Experiment Under Flooding Conditions

Incubation studies were carried out to investigate the release of nitrogen in soils. The domestic sewage and soil were analyzed for their physical, chemical characteristics in view of evaluating their suitability for irrigation to agricultural lands in a laboratory experiment. The effluents were added to a soil and incubated at 30±1 0C microbial population, NH4+-N and NO3--N concentration were determined for 0,15,30,60 and 90 days. The purpose of this study was to determine nitrogen mineralization of domestic sludge in soils comparing leached and non leached incubation procedure