Ectopic pregnancy: an observational study in a tertiary care centre of Southern Rajasthan, India

Background: One among the three chief obstetric causes of bleeding in first trimester, ectopic pregnancy is the first thing to rule out as a gestation is suspected. The present study observes and analyses sociodemographic distribution, risk factors, presentation, diagnosis and treatment modalities in a tertiary care centre.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study, conducted among patients who were diagnosed and managed in department of obstetrics and gynaecology of a tertiary care centre. Data analyzed and explained as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation.Results: Age group between 21 to 30 years (69.9%) and multigravida (68.5%) are high risk for ectopic pregnancy (EP). Menstrual history was regular in 86.3%. Risk factors identified were previous abortion (30%) and history of pelvic inflammatory disease (30%). In 80.9% pain in abdomen was presenting complaints followed by bleeding per vaginum (60%), amenorrhoea (60%) and nausea and vomiting (32.9%). Right salpingectomy was most common in 43.8%, followed by left salpingectomy in 28.8%, methotrexate in 15.1%, left salpingo-ophorectomy in 5.5%, right salpingo-opherectomy in 5.5% and removal of tubal abortion in 1.3% patients. Laparoscopy was chosen route in majority 64.4% patients.Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy - a gynecological catastrophe as well as a major challenge to the reproductive performance of women worldwide, should be considered a relevant public health issue. By providing adequate materials, manpower, well-equipped health facilities as well as a prompt and efficient referral system, good access roads and efficient transportation, will ensure early presentation in hospitals and prompt management of cases

Post Flowering Stalk Rot Complex of Maize - Present Status and Future Prospects

Post flowering stalk rot complex is one of the most serious, destructive and widespread group of diseases in maize and yield losses range from 10 to 42% and can be as high as 100% in some areas. PFSR nature is often complex as a number of fungi (like Fusarium verticillioides cause Fusarium stalk rot, Macrophomina phaseolina cause charcoal rot, Harpophora maydis cause late wilt) are involved in causation of the diseases. To combat this problem, identification of quantitative trait loci for resistance to PFSR would facilitate the development of disease resistant maize hybrids. Moreover, various chemical and biological control methods have been developed but ma¬jor emphasis is on development of maize cultivars with genetic resistance to for environment friendly control of the Post flowering stalk rot complex. The current paper reviews the information on distribution, impact of the disease, symptoms, epidemiology, disease cycle; genetics of resistance and integrated disease management approaches has been enumerated to understand the present status of knowledge about PFSR complex and will try to focus on the future perspectives available to improve PFSR management

ADA3 regulates normal and tumor mammary epithelial cell proliferation through c-MYC

Background: We have established the critical role of ADA3 as a coactivator of estrogen receptor (ER), as well as its role in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, we showed that ADA3 is predominantly nuclear in mammary epithelium, and in ER+, but is cytoplasmic in ER- breast cancers, the latter correlating with poor survival. However, the role of nuclear ADA3 in human mammary epithelial cells (hMECs), and in ER+ breast cancer cells, as well as the importance of ADA3 expression in relation to patient prognosis and survival in ER+ breast cancer have remained uncharacterized.Methods: We overexpressed ADA3 in hMECs or in ER+ breast cancer cells and assessed the effect on cell proliferation. The expression of ADA3 was analyzed then correlated with the expression of various prognostic markers, as well as survival of breast cancer patients.Results: Overexpression of ADA3 in ER- hMECs as well as in ER+ breast cancer cell lines enhanced cell proliferation. These cells showed increased cyclin B and c-MYC, decreased p27 and increased SKP2 levels. This was accompanied by increased mRNA levels of early response genes c-FOS, EGR1, and c-MYC. Analysis of breast cancer tissue specimens showed a significant correlation of ADA3 nuclear expression with c-MYC expression. Furthermore, nuclear ADA3 andc-MYC expression together showed significant correlation with tumor grade, mitosis, pleomorphism, NPI, ER/PR status, Ki67 and p27 expression. Importantly, within ER+ cases, expression of nuclear ADA3 and c-MYC also significantly correlated with Ki67 and p27 expression. Univariate Kaplan Meier analysis of four groups in the whole, as well as the ER+ patients showed that c-MYC and ADA3 combinatorial phenotypes showed significantly different breast cancer specific survival with c-MYC-high and ADA3-Low subgroup had the worst outcome. Using multivariate analyses within the whole cohort and the ER+ subgroups, the significant association of ADA3 and c-MYC expression with patients’ outcome was independent of tumor grade, stage and size, and ER status.Conclusion: ADA3 overexpression enhances cell proliferation that is associated with increased expression of c-MYC. Expression patterns with respect to ADA3/c-MYC can divide patients into four significantly different subgroups, with c-MYC High and ADA3 Low status independently predicting poor survival in patients

Evaluation of a novel real-time PCR test based on the ssrA gene for the identification of group B streptococci in vaginal swabs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite the implementation of prevention guidelines, early-onset group B streptococci (GBS) disease remains a cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Strategies to identify women who are at risk of transmitting GBS to their infant and the administration of intrapartum antibiotics have greatly reduced the incidence of neonatal GBS disease. However, there is a requirement for a rapid diagnostic test for GBS that can be carried out in a labour ward setting especially for women whose GBS colonisation status is unknown at the time of delivery. We report the design and evaluation of a real-time PCR test (<it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test) for the identification of GBS in vaginal swabs from pregnant women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The qualitative real-time PCR <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test was designed based on the bacterial <it>ssrA </it>gene and incorporates a competitive internal standard control. The analytical sensitivity of the test was established using crude lysate extracted from serial dilutions of overnight GBS culture using the IDI Lysis kit. Specificity studies were performed using DNA prepared from a panel of GBS strains, related streptococci and other species found in the genital tract environment. The <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test was evaluated on 159 vaginal swabs from pregnant women and compared with the GeneOhm™ StrepB Assay and culture for the identification of GBS.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test is specific and has an analytical sensitivity of 1-10 cell equivalents. The <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test was 96.4% sensitive and 95.8% specific compared to "gold standard" culture for the identification of GBS in vaginal swabs from pregnant women. In this study, the <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test performed slightly better than the commercial BD GeneOhm™ StrepB Assay which gave a sensitivity of 94.6% and a specificity of 89.6% compared to culture.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The <it>RiboSEQ </it>GBS test is a valuable method for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of GBS in pregnant women. This study also validates the <it>ssrA </it>gene as a suitable and versatile target for nucleic acid-based diagnostic tests for bacterial pathogens.</p

Comparative Assessment the Nutritional Status among School Going Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers: A Study in Selected Schools of Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal

The science of nutrition focuses primarily on how nutrients contribute to human growth, development, and maintenance. Nutrition is the study of the relationship between diet and health. The goal of healthy nutrition is to keep people in a nutritional state that promotes growth and optimum health. The six to twelve year old school going is a vital time for children\u27s physical and intellectual development. The socioeconomic standing of families, community social well-being, community access to quality healthcare, and environmental influence are all significant determinants of children\u27s health. Malnutrition can be prevented using a variety of strategies if it is seen as a problem in human ecology. This study\u27s goal was to assess the nutritional status of school going children in Nepalgunj, Banke, whose mothers were employed or unemployed and attended selected schools. The study used a descriptive comparative research approach, and 120 students from Nepalgunj, Banke were chosen using stratified random selection. A systematic questionnaire that was self-developed was used to gather the data. The study\u27s findings indicated that children with underweight (51.6%) were more common among children of employed moms than of jobless mothers (20%). However, children of unemployed moms (43.3%) had a higher prevalence of normal weight children than did children of employed mothers (25%). The body mass index (BMI) of the children was found to be correlated with the type of school and maternal job level, with P-values of &lt;0.001 and &lt;0.02 respectively. Children\u27s nutritional status is a critical component of their growth and development. According to this study, children of employed moms were less likely to be underweight, whereas those of jobless mothers were typically sized. Children\u27s BMI was correlated with the work position of the mother and various school kinds, including public and private schools. When developing treatments to improve children\u27s nutritional status, these elements should be taken into account. References Abdel Wahed, W. Y., Hassan, S. K., &amp; Eldessouki, R. (2017). Malnutrition and Its Associated Factors among Rural School Children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4783791 Aryal, M. (2016). Malnutrition in Nepal- an overview. Retrieved from http://umeshg.com.np/malnutrition-in-nepal. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad [PhD Dissertation, Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus.]. Islamabad. Asif, M., Khan, A., &amp; Pasha, M. A. (2019). Psychological Capital of Employees’ Engagement: Moderating Impact of Conflict Management in the Financial Sector of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(III), 160-172. Asser, A. J., &amp; Mohammed, H. J. (2020). Nutritional status of primary school children. Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3750/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194732 Best, C., Neufingerl, N., van Geel, L., van den Briel, T., &amp; Osendarp, S. (2010). The Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children: Why Should We Care? Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31(3), 400–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482651003100303 Boma, G. O., Anthony, I. P., George, M. D., Abaiola, E., Andrew, F., Daniel, M. D., Tarilanyo, T. R., &amp; Mefubara, K. (2014). Nutritional Status of Children in Rural setting. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13164147 Burgess, A. (2016). Undernutrition in Adults and Children: causes, consequences and what we can do. 18–22. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ssmj/article/view/132347 C, J. M., Vipul, M., Joshi, H. S., &amp; Professor, A. (2011). Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children -A Cross Sectional Study in the Western Region of Nepal. Njirm, 2(1), 2230–9969. Degarege, D., Degarege, A., &amp; Animut, A. (2015). Undernutrition and associated risk factors among school age children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1714-5 El-Sabely, A. A., Tork, H. M., &amp; Hussien, Y. E. (2013). Comparative study of nutritional status and dietary habits of children from public and private primary schools in Zagazig City, Egypt. IOSR J Nurs Heal Sci, 3(1), 47-52. Eze, J. N., Oguonu, T., Ojinnaka, N. C., &amp; Ibe, B. C. (2017). Physical growth and nutritional status assessment of school children in Enugu, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 20(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.180067 Galgamuwa, L. S., Iddawela, D., Dharmaratne, S. D., &amp; Galgamuwa, G. L. S. (2017). Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4311-y Joshi, P. (2012). Malnutrition in Children: A Serious Public Health Issue in Nepal. Health Prospect, 11, 61–62. https://doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7439 Karak, P., Maiti, R., Das, P., &amp; Karmakar, A. (2018). Assessment of nutritional status of School Children in rural and urban areas of Bankura, West bengal. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 113–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823216 M, W., B, A., ZB, B., &amp; F, G. (2017). Comparative Study on Nutritional Status of under Five Children with Employment Status of Mothers in Adama Town, Central Ethiopia. Maternal and Pediatric Nutrition, 03(01), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/24721182.1000117 Maskey, M., Sharma Annavarapu, L., &amp; Karmacharya, P. (2020). Nutritional assessment of school children and adolescents: Pokhara city in Western Nepal. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 7(2), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v7i2.31115 Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP). (2016). Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR257/FR257%5B13April2012%5D.pdf Mwaniki, E. W., &amp; Makokha, A. N. (2013). Nutrition status and associated factors among children in public primary schools in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya. African health sciences, 13(1), 38-46. Park, K. (2015). A text book of preventive and social medicine. Janot. Pramod Singh, G. C., Nair, M., Grubesic, R. B., &amp; Connell, F. A. (2009). Factors Associated With Underweight and Stunting Among Children in Rural Terai of Eastern Nepal. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 21(2), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509332063 Sathiadas, G., Annieston, A., Arunath, V., Kasthuri, T., &amp; Wickramasinghe, V. P. (2020). Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka. 4–11. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-32024/v1 Shrestha, A., Bhusal, C. K., Shrestha, B., &amp; Bhattarai, K. D. (2020). Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5849548 Shahid, N., Asif, M., &amp; Pasha, D. A. (2022). Effect of Internet Addiction on School Going Children. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 13–55. https://doi.org/10.1022/ijss.v1i1.3 Tim, R., Risk, D., Isbn, C., Pdf, T., Press, N. A., Press, N. A., Academy, N., Academy, N., &amp; Press, N. A. (1990). Diet and health: implications for reducing chronic disease risk. In Choice Reviews Online, 27(06). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3332 Todhunter, E. N. (1970). School feeding from a nutritionist\u27s point of view. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 60(12), 2302-2306. Udash, P. (2017). Nutritional status of 5 to 10 years children of namje , vedetar vdc of dhankuta district by pranaya udash Department of Nutrition and Dietetics nutritional status of 5 to 10 years children of namje , vedetar vdc of dhankuta district Department of Nutritio. Umeokonkwo, A. A., Ibekwe, M. U., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Okike, C. O., Ezeanosike, O. B., &amp; Ibe, B. C. (2020). Nutritional status of school age children in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887020-1994-5 UNICEF and World Bank. (2014). Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernourishment in Neal. https://www.wfp.org/publications/nepal-small-areaestimation-food-insecurity-and-undernutrition-december-2014 WFP. (2018). Eswatini | World Food Programme. https://www.wfp.org/nutrition WHO. (2020). Micronutrients. https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients#tab=tab_

Comparative Assessment the Nutritional Status among School Going Children of Employed and Unemployed Mothers: A Study in Selected Schools of Nepalgunj, Banke, Nepal

The science of nutrition focuses primarily on how nutrients contribute to human growth, development, and maintenance. Nutrition is the study of the relationship between diet and health. The goal of healthy nutrition is to keep people in a nutritional state that promotes growth and optimum health. The six to twelve year old school going is a vital time for children\u27s physical and intellectual development. The socioeconomic standing of families, community social well-being, community access to quality healthcare, and environmental influence are all significant determinants of children\u27s health. Malnutrition can be prevented using a variety of strategies if it is seen as a problem in human ecology. This study\u27s goal was to assess the nutritional status of school going children in Nepalgunj, Banke, whose mothers were employed or unemployed and attended selected schools. The study used a descriptive comparative research approach, and 120 students from Nepalgunj, Banke were chosen using stratified random selection. A systematic questionnaire that was self-developed was used to gather the data. The study\u27s findings indicated that children with underweight (51.6%) were more common among children of employed moms than of jobless mothers (20%). However, children of unemployed moms (43.3%) had a higher prevalence of normal weight children than did children of employed mothers (25%). The body mass index (BMI) of the children was found to be correlated with the type of school and maternal job level, with P-values of &lt;0.001 and &lt;0.02 respectively. Children\u27s nutritional status is a critical component of their growth and development. According to this study, children of employed moms were less likely to be underweight, whereas those of jobless mothers were typically sized. Children\u27s BMI was correlated with the work position of the mother and various school kinds, including public and private schools. When developing treatments to improve children\u27s nutritional status, these elements should be taken into account. References Abdel Wahed, W. Y., Hassan, S. K., &amp; Eldessouki, R. (2017). Malnutrition and Its Associated Factors among Rural School Children in Fayoum Governorate, Egypt. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4783791 Aryal, M. (2016). Malnutrition in Nepal- an overview. Retrieved from http://umeshg.com.np/malnutrition-in-nepal. Asif, M. (2021). Contingent Effect of Conflict Management towards Psychological Capital and Employees’ Engagement in Financial Sector of Islamabad [PhD Dissertation, Preston University, Kohat, Islamabad Campus.]. Islamabad. Asif, M., Khan, A., &amp; Pasha, M. A. (2019). Psychological Capital of Employees’ Engagement: Moderating Impact of Conflict Management in the Financial Sector of Pakistan. Global Social Sciences Review, IV(III), 160-172. Asser, A. J., &amp; Mohammed, H. J. (2020). Nutritional status of primary school children. Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3750/v20/i1/2020/mlu/194732 Best, C., Neufingerl, N., van Geel, L., van den Briel, T., &amp; Osendarp, S. (2010). The Nutritional Status of School-Aged Children: Why Should We Care? Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 31(3), 400–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482651003100303 Boma, G. O., Anthony, I. P., George, M. D., Abaiola, E., Andrew, F., Daniel, M. D., Tarilanyo, T. R., &amp; Mefubara, K. (2014). Nutritional Status of Children in Rural setting. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13164147 Burgess, A. (2016). Undernutrition in Adults and Children: causes, consequences and what we can do. 18–22. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ssmj/article/view/132347 C, J. M., Vipul, M., Joshi, H. S., &amp; Professor, A. (2011). Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children Determinants of Nutritional Status of School Children -A Cross Sectional Study in the Western Region of Nepal. Njirm, 2(1), 2230–9969. Degarege, D., Degarege, A., &amp; Animut, A. (2015). Undernutrition and associated risk factors among school age children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 375. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1714-5 El-Sabely, A. A., Tork, H. M., &amp; Hussien, Y. E. (2013). Comparative study of nutritional status and dietary habits of children from public and private primary schools in Zagazig City, Egypt. IOSR J Nurs Heal Sci, 3(1), 47-52. Eze, J. N., Oguonu, T., Ojinnaka, N. C., &amp; Ibe, B. C. (2017). Physical growth and nutritional status assessment of school children in Enugu, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 20(1), 64–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.180067 Galgamuwa, L. S., Iddawela, D., Dharmaratne, S. D., &amp; Galgamuwa, G. L. S. (2017). Nutritional status and correlated socio-economic factors among preschool and school children in plantation communities, Sri Lanka. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4311-y Joshi, P. (2012). Malnutrition in Children: A Serious Public Health Issue in Nepal. Health Prospect, 11, 61–62. https://doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v11i0.7439 Karak, P., Maiti, R., Das, P., &amp; Karmakar, A. (2018). Assessment of nutritional status of School Children in rural and urban areas of Bankura, West bengal. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 16(3), 113–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823216 M, W., B, A., ZB, B., &amp; F, G. (2017). Comparative Study on Nutritional Status of under Five Children with Employment Status of Mothers in Adama Town, Central Ethiopia. Maternal and Pediatric Nutrition, 03(01), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/24721182.1000117 Maskey, M., Sharma Annavarapu, L., &amp; Karmacharya, P. (2020). Nutritional assessment of school children and adolescents: Pokhara city in Western Nepal. Journal of Patan Academy of Health Sciences, 7(2), 53–63. https://doi.org/10.3126/jpahs.v7i2.31115 Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP). (2016). Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR257/FR257%5B13April2012%5D.pdf Mwaniki, E. W., &amp; Makokha, A. N. (2013). Nutrition status and associated factors among children in public primary schools in Dagoretti, Nairobi, Kenya. African health sciences, 13(1), 38-46. Park, K. (2015). A text book of preventive and social medicine. Janot. Pramod Singh, G. C., Nair, M., Grubesic, R. B., &amp; Connell, F. A. (2009). Factors Associated With Underweight and Stunting Among Children in Rural Terai of Eastern Nepal. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 21(2), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539509332063 Sathiadas, G., Annieston, A., Arunath, V., Kasthuri, T., &amp; Wickramasinghe, V. P. (2020). Nutritional status of school children living in Northern part of Sri Lanka. 4–11. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-32024/v1 Shrestha, A., Bhusal, C. K., Shrestha, B., &amp; Bhattarai, K. D. (2020). Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5849548 Shahid, N., Asif, M., &amp; Pasha, D. A. (2022). Effect of Internet Addiction on School Going Children. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 13–55. https://doi.org/10.1022/ijss.v1i1.3 Tim, R., Risk, D., Isbn, C., Pdf, T., Press, N. A., Press, N. A., Academy, N., Academy, N., &amp; Press, N. A. (1990). Diet and health: implications for reducing chronic disease risk. In Choice Reviews Online, 27(06). https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.27-3332 Todhunter, E. N. (1970). School feeding from a nutritionist\u27s point of view. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 60(12), 2302-2306. Udash, P. (2017). Nutritional status of 5 to 10 years children of namje , vedetar vdc of dhankuta district by pranaya udash Department of Nutrition and Dietetics nutritional status of 5 to 10 years children of namje , vedetar vdc of dhankuta district Department of Nutritio. Umeokonkwo, A. A., Ibekwe, M. U., Umeokonkwo, C. D., Okike, C. O., Ezeanosike, O. B., &amp; Ibe, B. C. (2020). Nutritional status of school age children in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 114. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887020-1994-5 UNICEF and World Bank. (2014). Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernourishment in Neal. https://www.wfp.org/publications/nepal-small-areaestimation-food-insecurity-and-undernutrition-december-2014 WFP. (2018). Eswatini | World Food Programme. https://www.wfp.org/nutrition WHO. (2020). Micronutrients. https://www.who.int/health-topics/micronutrients#tab=tab_

AOP*** Evaluation of periosteal fixation of lateral rectus and partial VRT for cases of exotropic Duane retraction syndrome

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the lateral rectus periosteal fixation and partial vertical rectus transpositioning (VRT) as treatment modalities to correct exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (Exo-DRS). Materials and Methods: Prospective interventional case study of cases of Exo-DRS with limitation of adduction. A total of 13 patients were subdivided into two groups. Six patients underwent only lateral rectus periosteal fixation (group A) and seven patients also underwent partial VRT (group B). Assessment involved prism bar cover test, abduction and adduction range, extent of binocular single visual field and exophthalmometry. These tests were repeated at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post-operatively and data analyzed. Results: The pre-operative mean values and ranges were 26.2 Δ (22-35) exotropia for group A and −21.3 Δ (14-30) exotropia for group B. The post-operative mean and range was +0.6 Δ esotropia (+20 to −8) for group A and 8 Δ (−2 to −20) exotropia for group B. Mean grade of limitation of abduction changed from −3.8 to −3.6 versus −3.6 to −2.8 and mean grade of limitation of adduction changed from −1.9 to −0.7 versus −1.5 to −0.5 in the groups A and B respectively. Mean binocular single visual field changed from 14.7° to 23.3° in group A and 11.8° to 26.4° in the group B respectively. Conclusion: Lateral rectus periosteal fixation is an effective surgery to correct the exodeviation, anomalous head posture and improving adduction in Exo-DRS and partial VRT in addition is effective in improving abduction and binocular single visual fields

Evaluation of periosteal fixation of lateral rectus and partial vrt0 for cases of exotropic Duane retraction syndrome

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the lateral rectus periosteal fixation and partial vertical rectus transpositioning (VRT) as treatment modalities to correct exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (Exo-DRS). Materials and Methods: Prospective interventional case study of cases of Exo-DRS with limitation of adduction. A total of 13 patients were subdivided into two groups. Six patients underwent only lateral rectus periosteal fixation (group A) and seven patients also underwent partial VRT (group B). Assessment involved prism bar cover test, abduction and adduction range, extent of binocular single visual field and exophthalmometry. These tests were repeated at 1 week, 1 month and 3 months post-operatively and data analyzed. Results: The pre-operative mean values and ranges were 26.2 Δ (22-35) exotropia for group A and −21.3 Δ (14-30) exotropia for group B. The post-operative mean and range was +0.6 Δ esotropia (+20 to −8) for group A and 8 Δ (−2 to −20) exotropia for group B. Mean grade of limitation of abduction changed from −3.8 to −3.6 versus −3.6 to −2.8 and mean grade of limitation of adduction changed from −1.9 to −0.7 versus −1.5 to −0.5 in the groups A and B respectively. Mean binocular single visual field changed from 14.7° to 23.3° in group A and 11.8° to 26.4° in the group B respectively. Conclusion: Lateral rectus periosteal fixation is an effective surgery to correct the exodeviation, anomalous head posture and improving adduction in Exo-DRS and partial VRT in addition is effective in improving abduction and binocular single visual fields

Clinical spectrum of optic neuritis in Indian children at a tertiary care centre

To study the clinical spectrum of pediatric optic neuritis in Indian childre