Arivumathi’s Techniques Poetry

The manner and speed of expression in a poetic work is based on the knowledge and experience of particular poetry. The creator follows various methods to impress the readers and handles it strategically. In that way, the poetic impulses of the poet Arivumathi are well handled. He uses literary techniques such as simile, metaphor, irony, and included some cultural elements from a social point of view. His poems are a clear picture of a human mind. In his poetry, he has used the poetic techniques to reveal the depth of love, the root of the tree, the seed of the fruit, the taste of the fruit, the sweetness of the stone, the whiteness of the fire, and the philosophy of truth. The poet's knowledge of language is the factors that determine the best expressive techniques in his poems. In this way, it can be seen that the poetic techniques are well developed in the poems of Arivumathi. In his poems he has perfectly expressed the rights and rational thoughts of the grassroot people

Folk Festivals in Sangam Literature

Festivals are celebrated together even though human society lives in different sects. Festivals are the culture of a society. It also helps to understand habits. Festivals start with a sense of worship and grow and live with confidence in terms of rituals. Through festivals, education, knowledge and goodwill are developed among the people. Festivals have been celebrated among the Tamils from generation to generation. Such special festivals are found in sangam literature and in later lagamas. By celebrating the festivals it is not only the happiness of the individuals but also the family. The society and people from all walks of life are happy. Though human society has lived in different sects for a variety of reasons, festivals are the root causes for the society to come together and celebrate. This is the basic purpose of celebrating the festival

Low Power Digital Design using Asynchronous Logic

This thesis summarizes research undertaken at San José State University between January 2009 and May 2011, which introduces a new method of achieving low power by reducing the dependency of the clock signal in the design. A clock signal consumes power even when the circuit is idle, but asynchronous circuits by default move into the idle state and involve no transition in the circuit during that state. In addition, in an active system, only the subsystem that is in use dissipates power. This work mainly focused on obtaining low power by implementing asynchronous logic. The work also studied the measure of power consumption using asynchronous logic by designing a simple Display Controller. The Display Controller was designed using Verilog HDL and synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler. The work also studied the trade–offs in power, area, and design complexity in asynchronous design. The power consumed by the synchronous and asynchronous display controllers was measured, and the asynchronous design consumed about 17% less power than its synchronous counterpart. The area of the asynchronous design was twice that of the synchronous one. Power can be reduced by reducing the dependency of the clock signal in the design by choosing asynchronous logic

The elements of love in the Kurunthogai

Kurunthogai is One of the eight lesser books of Sangam literature. This book is the foremost book quoted by many commentators. Our Sangam scholars have used words such as love, lust, friendship, grace, mercy, humility, charity, charity, humanity, etc., to express the substance of love from one intelligence to six senses. In that sense, even though the words love, lust, friendship, and grace have been used to denote love in the short volume, in the short songs, when the leader uses the words of love towards the leader in the statement, when the leader uses the words of love towards others in the statement, when the leader uses the words of love towards other beings, the words of love, such as love, lust, friendship, grace, etc., depend on the place, according to the times, and according to the context. It can be seen that the Sangam scholars have used them in the short volume as words of meaning

Predictors of Perioperative outcome after Hepatectomy : A Prospective Analysis.

INTRODUCTION : Evolution of surgical techniques in partial hepatectomy has enabled the procedure to be performed with operative mortality rate of less than 5% in highvolume centers in recent years. Before the 1980s, hepatic resection was typically associated with a mortality rate of greater than 10%. Better understanding of the segmental liver anatomy and refined surgical techniques in controlling hemorrhage are the 2 most important factors that have contributed to the improved perioperative outcome of hepatectomy. Another important factor is the better selection of patients in terms of liver function reserve and comorbid conditions, which helps to reduce mortality from liver failure and other severe postoperative complications such as pneumonia. Finally, the concentration of hepatic resection in experienced hepatobiliary centers is also a critical factor. Recent studies from other countries have demonstrated that a high hospital mortality rate of around 10% is still being observed in low-volume hospitals, whereas the hospital mortality rate in high-volume centers is less than 5%.The improved safety of hepatic resection has led to the broadening of the indications of hepatectomy in patients with normal liver. partial hepatectomy in combination with other major procedures is now performed with greater frequency. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : The current study aims to analyze the trends in perioperative outcome of 40 consecutive patients with hepatectomy for various benign or malignant hepatobiliary diseases in a specialized hepatobiliary center over a period between August 2004 and March 2007, with a particular reference to the prevalence of underlying risk conditions such as impaired liver function reserve, advanced age, and presence of comorbid illnesses. METHODS : During a period from August, 2004, to March, 2007, 40 consecutive patients underwent elective hepatic resection for benign or malignant hepatobiliary diseases at the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Government Stanley Hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu. The hepatectomies were performed by a surgical team specialized in hepatobiliary surgery. All patients had ultrasonography and contrast computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the liver or biliary pathology. Assessment of liver function was based on Child’s classification, liver biochemistry, and coagulation profile. In patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), preoperative biopsy is not routinely performed if the lesion is operable. CT volumetry was used to aid assessment of liver function reserve. CONCLUSION : This study demonstrated that perioperative outcome has improved despite extending the indication of hepatectomy to more high-risk patients. Hence, the role of hepatectomy in the management of benign and malignant hepatobiliary diseases can be expanded. Concomitant comorbid illness, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, prolonged prothrombin time, major hepatic resection, concomitant extra hepatic procedure, Pringles maneuver, blood loss of more than1 L, need for perioperative blood transfusion and fresh frozen plasma more than six units and presence of intraoperative hypotension were associated with increased morbidity, whereas presence of comorbid illness, prolonged prothrombin time, concomitant extra hepatic procedures and operative blood loss of more than 1 litre, was associated with increased hospital mortality. Reduced perioperative blood loss hence reduction in transfusion requirement is a main contributory factor for the improved outcome, and further effort should be directed toward improving surgical techniques to achieve bloodless hepatic resection

Fuel Consumption And Fuel Economy Of Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle

This study focuses on the fuel economy performance of the Through-The-Road (TTR) Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle (HHV). TTR is a type of parallel architecture that connects the conventional drive train and the hybrid drive train through the road. The hydraulic hybrid drive train that was in the vehicle was used to be tested in the experiment. An Arduino programme system for through-the-road hydraulic hybrid was developed to determine the fuel consumption and fuel economy of the vehicle. The fuel consumption is measured by weighing the fuel tank before and after each run of similar urban drive cycle that has same driver and circuit for testing. The through-the-road hydraulic hybrid fuel consumption test was separated into two which is with the air conditioner on (ACON) and with the air conditioner off (ACOF). By using the data from the fuel consumption test, the fuel economy is obtained where it is compared between the original Perodua Myvi mode, conventional hybrid myvi mode and the hybrid myvi hybrid mode. Thus, the test shows that for ACON mode, the hydraulic hybrid mode provides about 8% fuel economy improvement compared to the conventional hybrid mode. While ACON original Myvi mode has 41% better fuel economy than ACON hybrid Myvi hybrid mode. In addition, for the ACOF mode, ACOF original Myvi mode has 78% higher fuel economy than ACOF hybrid mode. Finally, the data was also compared between the ACON mode and ACOF mode where the fuel economy of ACON original Myvi mode was 24% better than ACOF hybrid Myvi hybrid mode. This is because of the heavy weight of the hydraulic components that are in the Hybrid Myvi which consumes more fuel to propel the vehicle

Energy Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering (EEPSC) Comparing with Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) Protocol

A wireless sensor network with a large number of tiny sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for gathering data in various situations. One of the major issues in wireless sensor networks is developing an energy-efficient routing protocol which has a significant impact on the overall lifetime of the sensor network. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchical with static clustering routing protocol called Energy-Efficient Protocol with Static Clustering (EEPSC). EEPSC, partitions the network into static clusters, eliminates the overhead of dynamic clustering and utilizes temporary-cluster-heads to distribute the energy load among high power sensor nodes; thus extends network lifetime. We have conducted simulation-based evaluations to compare the performance of EEPSC against Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH). Our experiment results show that EEPSC outperforms LEACH in terms of network lifetime and power consumption minimization. Keywords—Clustering methods, energy efficiency, routing protocol, wireless sensor network

Effects of Early Strengthening Activities and Feedback on Improving Balance in Clients with Stroke: A Case study

AIM: To identify the effectiveness of early strengthening and feedback in improving balance in hemiplegics post stroke METHODOLOGY: Five clients affected with stroke with poor balance were taken for the study. They were screened using Berg balance Scale, Folstein test (Mini Mental Status Examination, MMSE), and Brunnstrom’s stages. Clients who matched the inclusion criteria (BBS score 20 and Brunnstrom’s stage of zero) were taken into the study. The clients were provided with the treatment using the biomechanical frame of reference with the aid of feedback techniques. After completion of treatment protocol, they underwent a post-test using Berg Balance Scale. The acquired data was analysed. RESULTS: All the five clients taken in the study shifted from a high fall risk to medium fall risk level. The client, who showed the highest change in balance score in the whole group is Client A, had a score change of 14, while Client B had a score of 12. Client C and E had a change score of 7. Client D did not show much improvement, with score of only 3. CONCLUSION: This study shows that there is a change in the balance grades among the clients with stroke when using the strengthening activities. Activities based on Biomechanical Frame of Reference coupled with components of feedback techniques works for improving balance in clients with stroke. Even with limited client numbers and limited time duration of the study, this response was elicitable. Thus, the study suggests that this intervention can be further dealt with in future researches and can be combined in future treatment protocols to work on clients with stroke

Apolipoprotein B and Coronary Artery Disease in Indian Population.

INTRODUCTION : The association between serum cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis in humans was suggested when Thannhauser and Muller in 1938 demonstrated familial aggregation of individuals with tendon xanthomata, hypercholesterolemia, and CAD. The association was generalized by studies such as those in Framingham, which demonstrated that the risk for coronary artery disease rose over the entire range of serum cholesterol. This relation was seen predominantly in those persons 30 to 49 years of age at entry into the study and most markedly in those 30 to 39 years old. AIM : To study the association between plasma apolipoprotein B (apo B) and angiographically proven Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in a prospective manner. BACKGROUND : The plasma apo B concentration represents the number of atherogenic lipoproteins and it has been demonstrated that it could be a predictor for CAD. This study was done to find out whether apo B is an independent risk factor for CAD and whether apo B is superior to routine lipid profile in differentiating patient with CAD. Materials and Methods : The study population consisted of both men and women who were undergoing their first angiography between March 2004 and December 2005. A total of 200 consecutive patients were enrolled. Patients were divided in to 2 groups; Group 1: Patients with angiographically proved CAD were included. Group 2: Patients with normal coronary angiogram or patients with negative stress testing by treadmill. After an overnight fasting, blood samples were taken for lipids and apo B. Baseline characteristics such as hypertension, diabetes, and smoking were taken from all the patients. A patient was said to have CAD (CAD+) if there was an angiographic lesion more than 50%. A patient was considered as control (CAD-), if angiogram was normal or treadmill stress testing was negative. RESULTS : A total of 200 patients were enrolled. There were 155 males and 45 females in the study. There were slightly more number of males in group 1. The total cholesterol was higher in patients with CAD when compared to controls. When we use the cut off value of 150mg or above as hypertriglyceridemia, then 52% of CAD patients were found to have higher values compared to controls, which was only 35%. For a cut off value of LDL less than 130mg%, it was found that 94% of controls and 83% of patients with CAD had lower values. The median apo B values in patients with CAD were 1.07g/L, versus in controls 0.79g/L, which was statistically significant. We calculated Receiver Operating Curves (ROC) to assess the sensitivity and specificity of apo B in identifying a patient with CAD. For a cut off value 0.99 g/L, it was found that the sensitivity was 66% and specificity was 92%. The area under the curve was 0.814. CONCLUSION : Our results suggest that apolipoprotein B provides better information regarding the presence of CAD. Higher apo B values were noted even in those patients with CAD with normal levels of LDL. In patients who were on statins only apo B was able to predict the presence of CAD. Apo B is a better predictor for CAD than routine LDL levels