1,587 research outputs found
Community Detection in Quantum Complex Networks
Determining community structure is a central topic in the study of complex
networks, be it technological, social, biological or chemical, in static or
interacting systems. In this paper, we extend the concept of community
detection from classical to quantum systems---a crucial missing component of a
theory of complex networks based on quantum mechanics. We demonstrate that
certain quantum mechanical effects cannot be captured using current classical
complex network tools and provide new methods that overcome these problems. Our
approaches are based on defining closeness measures between nodes, and then
maximizing modularity with hierarchical clustering. Our closeness functions are
based on quantum transport probability and state fidelity, two important
quantities in quantum information theory. To illustrate the effectiveness of
our approach in detecting community structure in quantum systems, we provide
several examples, including a naturally occurring light-harvesting complex,
LHCII. The prediction of our simplest algorithm, semiclassical in nature,
mostly agrees with a proposed partitioning for the LHCII found in quantum
chemistry literature, whereas our fully quantum treatment of the problem
uncovers a new, consistent, and appropriately quantum community structure.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl
Colliding Particles in Highly Turbulent Flows
We discuss relative velocities and the collision rate of small particles
suspended in a highly turbulent fluid. In the limit where the viscous damping
is very weak, we estimate the relative velocities using the Kolmogorov cascade
principle.Comment: 5 pages, no figures, v2 contains additional result
Chiral Quantum Walks
Given its importance to many other areas of physics, from condensed matter
physics to thermodynamics, time-reversal symmetry has had relatively little
influence on quantum information science. Here we develop a network-based
picture of time-reversal theory, classifying Hamiltonians and quantum circuits
as time-symmetric or not in terms of the elements and geometries of their
underlying networks. Many of the typical circuits of quantum information
science are found to exhibit time-asymmetry. Moreover, we show that
time-asymmetry in circuits can be controlled using local gates only, and can
simulate time-asymmetry in Hamiltonian evolution. We experimentally implement a
fundamental example in which controlled time-reversal asymmetry in a
palindromic quantum circuit leads to near-perfect transport. Our results pave
the way for using time-symmetry breaking to control coherent transport, and
imply that time-asymmetry represents an omnipresent yet poorly understood
effect in quantum information science.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX 4.1 - published versio
Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Body Image in Adolescents
Body image dissatisfaction is a concern for adolescents’ mental and physical well-being, and the role of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) in it is still unclear. This study investigates the associations of BMI and PA with body image, separately for boys and girls, in a large sample of Finnish adolescents. We also examine the associations of BMI with body image in varying PA levels. A total of 10,496 adolescents (girls 52.6%) were included in the analyses. Body image was assessed using a pictorial tool, and categorized as wishing for a smaller body, being satisfied, and wishing for a bigger body. BMI (kg/m2) was categorized as thin, normal weight, and overweight/obese. Self-reported PA was divided into three similar-sized categories as low, moderate, and high PA levels. Adjusted ordinal regression analyses were conducted. Our results show that adolescents with thinness had higher odds of wishing for a bigger body compared to their normal-weight peers, while adolescents with overweight/obesity had smaller odds of wishing for a bigger body. Adolescents in low and middle PA levels had lower odds of wishing for a bigger body compared to adolescents in the high PA level. Yet, the PA level modified the associations between BMI and body image, especially in adolescents with thinness and more so in girls than in boys. These findings highlight the need to pay attention to healthy weight gain and PA in adolescents to support their body image satisfaction
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