Síntesis óptima de un mecanismo para la marcha bípeda utilizando evolución diferencial

ResumenEl diseño de la extremidad de un robot bípedo es un punto clave para mejorar la locomoción y el desempeño de robots bípedos. El empleo de mecanismos que reproduzcan la marcha no es una tarea sencilla ya que se requiere generar un movimiento en el espacio Cartesiano con más grados de libertad que los considerados en un mecanismo. En este trabajo se propone un mecanismo planar de ocho eslabones con un grado de libertad como extremidad bípeda y se analiza su comportamiento en el seguimiento de una trayectoria similar a la marcha. Para el diseño del mecanismo propuesto se establece formalmente la síntesis dimensional como un problema de optimización numérica. Con el propósito de obtener diseños viables dentro del espacio de las soluciones reales en el problema de optimización, se incorpora un mecanismo de manejo de restricciones en el algoritmo de evolución diferencial (ED) y se analiza el comportamiento del algoritmo bajo diferentes parámetros de cruza. Resultados experimentales comprueban el enfoque de diseño en un prototipo de laboratorio.AbstractThe limb design for a biped robot is a key issue to improve the locomotion and the performance of biped robots. The use of mechanism for tracking the gait is not an easy task because the degree of freedom (d.g.f) of the Cartesian space movement does not correspond to the d.g.f of the mechanism. Hence in this paper, an eight-bar planar mechanism with a one d.o.f is proposed as biped limb and the biped gait tracking behavior in the mechanism is analyzed. A numeric optimization problem is formally stated to design the proposed mechanism based on dimensional synthesis. A constraint handling mechanism is included into the differential evolution algorithm (DE) algorithm in order to obtain mechanism design with real solutions in the optimization problem and the behavior of the algorithm with different crossover parameters is analyzed. Experimental results verify the design approach in a laboratory prototype

Design of a movil manipulator with optimum mechanical energy using differential evolution

En este trabajo se establece el problema de diseño cinemático y dinámico de los eslabones de un manipulador móvil como un problema de optimización numérica, con el objetivo de minimizar la energía mecánica del sistema en las posiciones críticas de un espacio de trabajo pre-establecido. Al cumplir con el objetivo propuesto se disminuye consecuentemente el consumo de energía que necesita el sistema de control durante su operación dentro del espacio de trabajo pre-establecido. Para dar solución al problema de optimización, se incorpora un mecanismo de explotación exhaustiva en el algoritmo tradicional de evolución diferencial, permitiendo mejorar la búsqueda dentro de una vecindad del espacio de diseño. Resultados en simulación muestran el desempeño del algoritmo. A su vez se muestra un menor consumo de energía del diseño resultante comparado con otros 3 diseños.In this work, the design of kinematic and dynamic parameters of links of a mobile manipulator is stated as a numerical optimization problem (NOP). The NOP aims to minimize the mechanical energy of the system in critical positions given by the vertices of a workspace and consequently reduce the energy consumption of the control system during its operation in the workspace. An exhaustive exploitation mechanism is included in the traditional differential evolution algorithm to improve the search into a neighborhood in the design space. Simulation results show the performance of the algorithm. The resulting design shows less energy consumption than other three designs.Peer Reviewe

Trends and outcome of neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer: A retrospective analysis and critical assessment of a 10-year prospective national registry on behalf of the Spanish Rectal Cancer Project

Introduction: Preoperative treatment and adequate surgery increase local control in rectal cancer. However, modalities and indications for neoadjuvant treatment may be controversial. Aim of this study was to assess the trends of preoperative treatment and outcomes in patients with rectal cancer included in the Rectal Cancer Registry of the Spanish Associations of Surgeons. Method: This is a STROBE-compliant retrospective analysis of a prospective database. All patients operated on with curative intention included in the Rectal Cancer Registry were included. Analyses were performed to compare the use of neoadjuvant/adjuvant treatment in three timeframes: I)2006–2009; II)2010–2013; III)2014–2017. Survival analyses were run for 3-year survival in timeframes I-II. Results: Out of 14, 391 patients, 8871 (61.6%) received neoadjuvant treatment. Long-course chemo/radiotherapy was the most used approach (79.9%), followed by short-course radiotherapy ± chemotherapy (7.6%). The use of neoadjuvant treatment for cancer of the upper third (15-11 cm) increased over time (31.5%vs 34.5%vs 38.6%, p = 0.0018). The complete regression rate slightly increased over time (15.6% vs 16% vs 18.5%; p = 0.0093); the proportion of patients with involved circumferential resection margins (CRM) went down from 8.2% to 7.3%and 5.5% (p = 0.0004). Neoadjuvant treatment significantly decreased positive CRM in lower third tumors (OR 0.71, 0.59–0.87, Cochrane-Mantel-Haenszel P = 0.0008). Most ypN0 patients also received adjuvant therapy. In MR-defined stage III patients, preoperative treatment was associated with significantly longer local-recurrence-free survival (p < 0.0001), and cancer-specific survival (p < 0.0001). The survival benefit was smaller in upper third cancers. Conclusion: There was an increasing trend and a potential overuse of neoadjuvant treatment in cancer of the upper rectum. Most ypN0 patients received postoperative treatment. Involvement of CRM in lower third tumors was reduced after neoadjuvant treatment. Stage III and MRcN + benefited the most

Estudio de validación de un método para seleccionar técnicas de pronóstico de series de tiempo mediante redes neuronales artificiales

ResumenEn este trabajo se presenta un estudio de validación de un método para seleccionar técnicas de pronóstico de series de tiempo. En el método propuesto se utilizan Redes Neuronales Artificiales para predecir el desempeño de varios métodos estadísticos tradicionales de pronóstico para así seleccionar el de mejor potencial. Para llevar a cabo la validación, se emplearon dieciocho series de tiempo reales, correspondientes a actividades económicas del estado de Tamaulipas. Los resultados apuntan a que el método de selección propuesto es suficientemente confiable para devenir un recurso de fácil aplicación para personas con poco conocimiento estadístico. Tablas con los resultados del método se incluyen en este trabajo para hacer más conveniente la identificación del método estadístico tradicional de pronóstico sugerido.AbstractIn this paper, a validation study for a method geared towards the selection of forecasting techniques for time series is presented. The proposed method makes use of artificial neural networks to predict the performance of several statistics-based forecasting techniques to help select the potential best one. Eighteen time series with real data related to economic activities in the state of Tamaulipas were used for validation purposes. The results indicate that the proposed method is sufficiently reliable to become a useful resource for people with modest level of training in statistics. It is also proposed that the method be tabulated for convenient access

Design of a movil manipulator with optimum mechanical energy using differential evolution

In this work, the design of kinematic and dynamic parameters of links of a mobile manipulator is stated as a numerical optimization problem (NOP). The NOP aims to minimize the mechanical energy of the system in critical positions given by the vertices of a workspace and consequently reduce the energy consumption of the control system during its operation in the workspace. An exhaustive exploitation mechanism is included in the traditional differential evolution algorithm to improve the search into a neighborhood in the design space. Simulation results show the performance of the algorithm. The resulting design shows less energy consumption than other three designs