Hypokalemic Paralysis due to Primary Sjögren Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) is the main renal involvement associated with primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS). TIN can manifest as distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA), nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, proximal tubular dysfunction, and others. We present a 31-year-old female with hypokalemic paralysis due to distal RTA (dRTA). She received symptomatic treatment and hydroxychloroquine with a good response. There is insufficient information on whether to perform a kidney biopsy in these patients or not. The evidence suggests that there is an inflammatory background and therefore a potential serious affection to these patients, such as hypokalemic paralysis. We found 52 cases of hypokalemic paralysis due to dRTA in pSS patients. The majority of those patients were treated only with symptomatic medication. Patients who received corticosteroids had stable evolution even though they did not have another symptomatology. With such heterogeneous information, prospective studies are needed to assess the value of adding corticosteroids as a standardized treatment of this manifestation

Association of PPARG2 Pro12Ala Variant with Larger Body Mass Index in Mestizo and Amerindian Populations of Mexico

Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. We have determined the Pro12Ala variant frequency in 370 nondiabetic Mexican Mestizo subjects and in five Mexican Amerindian groups and have investigated its possible association with lipid metabolism, insulin serum levels, and obesity in three of these populations. Two independent case-control studies were conducted in 239 nondiabetic individuals: 135 case subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 104 control subjects (BMI \u3c 25 kg/m2). The PPARG2 Ala12 allele frequency was higher in most Amerindian populations (0.17 in Yaquis, 0.16 in Mazahuas, 0.16 in Mayans, and 0.20 in Triquis) than in Asians, African Americans, and Caucasians. The Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala (X12Ala) genotypes were significantly associated with greater BMI in Mexican Mestizos and in two Amerindian groups. X12Ala individuals had a higher risk of overweight or obesity than noncarriers in Mestizos (OR = 3.67; 95% CI, 1.42–9.48; p = 0.007) and i

Association of PPARG2 Pro12Ala variant with larger body mass index in Mestizo and Amerindian populations of Mexico.

Previous studies have sought to associate the Pro12Ala variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma2 (PPARG2) gene with type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity, with controversial results. We have determined the Pro12Ala variant frequency in 370 nondiabetic Mexican Mestizo subjects and in five Mexican Amerindian groups and have investigated its possible association with lipid metabolism, insulin serum levels, and obesity in three of these populations. Two independent case-control studies were conducted in 239 nondiabetic individuals: 135 case subjects (BMI > or = 25 kg/m2) and 104 control subjects (BMI < 25 kg/m2). The PPARG2 Ala12 allele frequency was higher in most Amerindian populations (0.17 in Yaquis, 0.16 in Mazahuas, 0.16 in Mayans, and 0.20 in Triquis) than in Asians, African Americans, and Caucasians. The Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala (X12Ala) genotypes were significantly associated with greater BMI in Mexican Mestizos and in two Amerindian groups. X12Ala individuals had a higher risk of overweight or obesity than noncarriers in Mestizos (OR = 3.67; 95% CI, 1.42-9.48; p = 0.007) and in Yaquis plus Mazahuas (OR = 3.21; 95% CI, 1.27-8.11; p = 0.013). Our results provide further support of the association between the PPARG2 Ala12 allele and risk of overweight or obesity in Mestizos and two Amerindian populations from Mexico