Propriedades físico-químicas de híbridos de physalis colombianos na seleção de materiais de alta qualidade

The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of Colombian cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) hybrids and to select those with the highest fruit quality based on a selection index. A total of 36 cape gooseberry hybrids obtained from crossings between nine double haploid lines from the Tibaitatá Research Center of Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research were evaluated. The trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design, in four locations (environments), corresponding to the municipalities of Ipiales, Gualmatán, Puerres, and Pasto, in the department of Nariño, Colombia. The following variables were evaluated: cracking percentage (CP), fruit weight with calyx (FWC), juice content (JC), total titratable acidity (TTA), total soluble solids (TSS), maturity index (MI), firmness (F), ascorbic acid (AA), and respiration rate (RR). CP was affected by the environment, showing lower values in Ipiales, Gualmatán, and Puerres. The hybrid factor significantly affected all assessed variables, except RR. The selected hybrids showed higher values for TSS, MI, FWC, and AA, besides lower values for CP and RR. The 3x9 hybrid stands out for presenting averages that are high for AA (42.59 mg 100 g-1) and MI (7.91) and low for RR (49.2 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1).O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades físico-químicas de híbridos de physalis (Physalis peruviana) colombianos e selecionar aqueles com melhor qualidade de frutos, baseado em índice de seleção. Foram avaliados 36 híbridos de physalis provenientes de cruzamentos entre nove linhagens duplo-haploides do Tibaitatá Research Center da Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em quatro locais (ambientes), que corresponderam aos municípios de Ipiales, Gualmatán, Puerres e Pasto, no departamento de Nariño, na Colômbia. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: percentagem de rachaduras (PR), peso dos frutos com cálice (PFC), conteúdo de suco (CS), acidez total titulável (AA), sólidos solúveis totais (SST), índice de maturidade (IM), firmeza (F), ácido ascórbico (AA) e taxa de respiração (TR). A PR foi afetada pelo ambiente, tendo apresentado valores mais baixos em Ipiales, Gualmatán e Puerres. O fator híbrido afetou significativamente todas as variáveis avaliadas, exceto a TR. Os híbridos selecionados apresentaram valores mais altos para SST, IM, PFC e AA, além de valores mais baixos para PR e TR. O híbrido 3x9 destaca-se por apresentar médias elevadas de AA (42,59 mg 100 g-1) e IM (7,91) e baixa de TR (49,2 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1)

Caracterización del fruto de 36 híbridos de uchuva para la identificación de su uso potencial industrial o de consumo en fresco

The cape gooseberry is the second most exported fruit in Colombia. There are, however, little information available on genetic improvement processes and limited research on the fruit components. The objective of this study was to characterize the fruits of 36 hybrids, obtained from double haploid cape gooseberry lines from the Tibaitatá Research Center of the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research. Hybrids with potential uses in transformation processes or for fresh consumption were identified using Hierarchical Cluster (HC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 20 physical, physicochemical, compositional, and physiological fruit descriptors, obtained from four trials in the Andean region of southern Colombia. According to the PCA, three components represented 73.6% of the total variability: postharvest (37.5%), sensory and nutritional quality (21.3%) and cracking percentage (14.8%). Six conglomerates were identified. Groups two, four, and six had aptitude for fresh consumption because of the size of the berry, high vitamin C content, maturity index and low cracking levels. Group one showed aptitude for processing and fresh consumption. Groups three and five registered a high seed content, low maturity rates, and a high cracking percentage.La uchuva es la segunda fruta más exportada de Colombia. Sin embargo, es poca la información disponible sobre los procesos de mejoramiento genético y son limitadas las investigaciones sobre los componentes del fruto. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar el fruto de 36 híbridos obtenidos a partir de líneas dobles haploides de uchuva del Centro de Investigación de Tibaitatá de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Se identificaron los híbridos que tienen potencial para ser útiles en procesos de transformación o para consumo en fresco, utilizando el Clúster Jerárquico (HC) y Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) con 20 descriptores físicos, fisicoquímicos, composicionales y fisiológicos del fruto, obtenidos en cuatro ensayos ubicados en la región Andina del sur de Colombia. Según el ACP, el 73,6% de la variabilidad total fue representada por tres componentes: poscosecha (37,5%), calidad sensorial y nutricional (21,3%) y porcentaje de rajado (14,8%). Se identificaron seis conglomerados. Los grupos dos, cuatro y seis, mostraron aptitud para el consumo en fresco debido al tamaño de la fruta, el alto contenido de vitamina C, el índice de madurez y los bajos niveles de rajado. El grupo uno mostró aptitud para el procesamiento y el consumo en fresco. Los grupos tres y cinco registraron un alto contenido en semillas, un bajo índice de madurez y un alto porcentaje de rajado