Linear Form of 3-scale Relativity Algebra and the Relevance of Stability

We show that the algebra of the recently proposed Triply Special Relativity can be brought to a linear (ie, Lie) form by a correct identification of its generators. The resulting Lie algebra is the stable form proposed by Vilela Mendes a decade ago, itself a reapparition of Yang's algebra, dating from 1947. As a corollary we assure that, within the Lie algebra framework, there is no Quadruply Special Relativity.Comment: 5 page

Quantifying Equivocation for Finite Blocklength Wiretap Codes

This paper presents a new technique for providing the analysis and comparison of wiretap codes in the small blocklength regime over the binary erasure wiretap channel. A major result is the development of Monte Carlo strategies for quantifying a code's equivocation, which mirrors techniques used to analyze normal error correcting codes. For this paper, we limit our analysis to coset-based wiretap codes, and make several comparisons of different code families at small and medium blocklengths. Our results indicate that there are security advantages to using specific codes when using small to medium blocklengths.Comment: Submitted to ICC 201

Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Cellular Automaton Model of Cell Colony Growth

Cell colonies of bacteria, tumour cells and fungi, under nutrient limited growth conditions, exhibit complex branched growth patterns. In order to investigate this phenomenon we present a simple hybrid cellular automaton model of cell colony growth. In the model the growth of the colony is limited by a nutrient that is consumed by the cells and which inhibits cell division if it falls below a certain threshold. Using this model we have investigated how the nutrient consumption rate of the cells affects the growth dynamics of the colony. We found that for low consumption rates the colony takes on a Eden-like morphology, while for higher consumption rates the morphology of the colony is branched with a fractal geometry. These findings are in agreement with previous results, but the simplicity of the model presented here allows for a linear stability analysis of the system. By observing that the local growth of the colony is proportional to the flux of the nutrient we derive an approximate dispersion relation for the growth of the colony interface. This dispersion relation shows that the stability of the growth depends on how far the nutrient penetrates into the colony. For low nutrient consumption rates the penetration distance is large, which stabilises the growth, while for high consumption rates the penetration distance is small, which leads to unstable branched growth. When the penetration distance vanishes the dispersion relation is reduced to the one describing Laplacian growth without ultra-violet regularisation. The dispersion relation was verified by measuring how the average branch width depends on the consumption rate of the cells and shows good agreement between theory and simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Chrono-Nutrition: The Relationship between Time-of-Day Energy and Macronutrient Intake and Children's Body Weight Status

The time of eating has been considered to have an important role in weight regulation. However, it is unknown if there are specific daily patterns of energy and macronutrient distribution that could be more beneficial for metabolic outcomes, especially obesity. This study aimed to assess the effect of time-of-day energy and macronutrient intake at 4 y of age on the weight status at 7 y of age. The study sample included 1961 children from the population-based birth cohort Generation XXI, with data on 3-day food diaries at 4 y and body mass index (BMI) z-scores at 7 y. Dietary patterns based on the collected data were obtained for the distribution of energy and macronutrients across eating occasions. Having a relatively higher energy intake at lunch and supper (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) or at mid-afternoon (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.34) at 4 y was associated with higher odds of becoming overweight/obese at 7 y. A relatively higher intake of fat at lunch was positively associated with later children’s odds for being overweight or obese (OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.32). These associations were independent of the effect on children’s eating behaviors related to appetite. Our results also show a detrimental relation between skipping breakfast and eating late in the day and children’s body weight. Considering all daily eating occasions, a higher proportion of energy and macronutrient intake at the main meals and a lower proportion during the afternoon and evening seems to be more beneficial for children’s weight. These results emphasize the important role of daily food intake rhythm on excessive weight gain in childhood

Estabilidade do carbono presente na cama de frango e em seu respectivo biocarvão após aplicação no solo.

Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral avaliar a degradação do carbono de biocarvão obtido a partir de cama de frango e determinar o efeito na capacidade de troca de cátions do solo. A aplicação do biocarvão de cama de frango como insumo é interessante para uso na agricultura, pois tem potencial para aumentar a CTC do solo e fornecer P às plantas, o que torna esse material bastante interessante para uso no solo em função do exposto e devido a outros benefícios como correção da acidez do solo, redução do Al tóxico, aumento do teor disponível de outros nutrientes e sequestro de carbono

Dinâmica do agronegócio brasileiro da melancia: produção, consumo e comercialização.

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Combined use of Wallerstein and Zygosaccharomyces bailii modified differential media to isolate yeasts for the controlled reduction of volatile acidity of grape musts and wines

The level of acetic acid, the main component of volatile acidity, is critical for wine quality. Winemakers have been using a refermentation process to lower the concentration of acetic acid of wines with high volatile acidity, whichconsistsinmixingtheacidicwinewithfreshlycrushedgrapesormarcsinaproportionofnomorethan 20-30% (v/v). Though this process implies low costs it harbors the risk of unexpected and detrimental effects on refermented wines. Thus, one challenge to find new solutions for the reduction of excessive volatile acidity is the selection of yeast from refermentation processes of acidic wines to use as starters in a controlled biological process.To this end we setup an isolation protocolwithWallerstein Laboratory Nutrient Agar(WL)to select yeast strains from refermentation processes of acidic wines carried atthe winery scale. Among the isolates obtained, 135 were then randomly selected, based on the different colony color pattern and size, and tested for their ability to consume acetic acid in the presence of glucose. For this purpose we used a modified version of a Zygosaccharomycesbailiidifferentialmediumcontainingaceticacidandglucose.Characterizationoftheisolates obtained in this medium by fingerprinting with primer T3B confirmed three Saccharomyces strains and one nonSaccharomyces strain as predicted by WL and L-Lysine media. Our previous studies revealed that the yeast strains selected by this approach are adequate forthe correction of acidic musts and wines with excessive levels of volatile acidity.This work received financial support from the IBB/CGB – UTAD and was supported by FEDER throughPOFC – COMPETEand byPortuguese funds from FCTthrough the projectPEst-OE/BIA/UI4050/2014.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio