Chromosome spreads of <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i>.

<p>(A) Giemsa C-banded chromosomes of the specimen from Galindez Island. (B) Inverted image of the DAPI/C-banded karyotype and (C) localization of 45S (green) and 5S (red) rDNA sites on chromosomes of the specimen from Galindez Island. (D) Ag-NOR staining patterns (dark segments) of chromosomes of the specimen from Skua Island. (E) Localization of telomeric repeats (green), 45S (green) and 5S (red) rDNA loci and in the karyotype of the specimen from Skua Island. Arrows point to the intercalary loci of telomere repeats detected on the largest chromosome pair. (F) Distribution of 5S rDNA sites (red) and GAA microsatellite sequence (green) on chromosomes of the specimen from Skua Island. Scale bar—5 μm.</p

Chromosome spread of <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> specimen from Darboux Island.

<p>Chromosome localization of 45S (green) and 5S (red) rDNA sites and inverted image of DAPI/C-banded B-chromosomes (bottom right). Arrows point to the B-chromosomes. Scale bar—5 μm.</p

Karyograms and idiograms of <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> chromosomes.

<p>Karyograms after (A) Giemsa C-banding and (B) FISH with 45S (green) and 5S (red) rDNA probes (the same metaphase plate as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138878#pone.0138878.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1A</a>). Karyograms after (C) DAPI/C-banding (inverted image) and (D) FISH with 45S (green) and 5S (red) rDNA (the same metaphase plate as in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0138878#pone.0138878.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1B and 1C</a>). (E) Idiograms of <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> showing relative sizes and positions of DAPI/C-bands (black segments), 45S (green) and 5S rDNA (red).</p

Chromosome spreads of <i>Deschampsia</i> species.

<p>(<b>A</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> (2n = 26+2B), (<b>B</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>parvula</i> (2n = 26), (<b>C</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i> (2n = 26), (<b>D</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i> (2n = 4x = 52), (<b>E</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>danthonioides</i> (2n = 26), (<b>F</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>elongata</i> (2n = 26+2B), (<b>G</b>) <i>D</i>. <i>sukatschewii</i> (2n = 26+M+B). Merged fluorescent images after multicolour FISH with 45S (yellow) and 5S (red) rDNA and sequential rapid GISH with both genomic DNAs: <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i> (green) and <i>D</i>. <i>flexuosa</i> (purple) (<b>A, E</b>, <b>F</b> and <b>G</b>); <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i> (green) and <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> (purple) (<b>H</b>, <b>B</b>); <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> (green) and <i>D</i>. <i>flexuosa</i> (purple) (<b>C</b>). Image after FISH with 45S (yellow) and 5S (red) rDNA (<b>D</b>). Chromosomal DAPI-staining–blue. Arrows point to the marker and B chromosomes. Scale bar—5 μm.</p

Karyotypes of <i>D</i>. <i>flexuosa</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> and <i>D</i>. <i>parvula</i>.

<p>Karyograms of the metaphase plates shown in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0175760#pone.0175760.g001" target="_blank">Fig 1</a> after DAPI-banding (inverted images), FISH with 45S and 5S rDNA, and also rapid GISH with genomic DNA of <i>D</i>. <i>cespitosa</i>, <i>D</i>. <i>antarctica</i> and <i>D</i>. <i>flexuosa</i>. The correspondent probes and their pseudo-colours are specified in the left. Arrows point to chromosome translocations. B–B chromosomes.</p