EXPRESS: Post-Migration Living Difficulties and Poor Mental Health Associated with Increased Interpretation Bias for Threat

Previous research has found associations between mental health difficulties and interpretation biases, including heightened interpretation of threat from neutral or ambiguous stimuli. Building on this research, we explored associations between interpretation biases (positive and negative) and three constructs that have been linked to migrant experience: mental health symptoms (GSI), post-migration living difficulties (PMLD) and perceived ethnic discrimination (PEDQ). Two hundred and thirty students who identified as first- (n = 94) or second-generation ethnic minority migrants (n = 68), and first-generation White migrants (n = 68) completed measures of GSI, PEDQ, and PMLD. They also performed an interpretation bias task using Point-Light Walkers (PLW), dynamic stimuli with reduced visual input that are easily perceived as humans performing an action. Five categories of PLW were used: four that clearly depicted human forms undertaking positive, neutral, negative, or ambiguous actions, and a fifth that involved scrambled animations with no clear action or form. Participants were asked to imagine their interaction with the stimuli and rate their friendliness (positive interpretation bias) and aggressiveness (interpretation bias for threat). We found that the three groups differed on PEDQ and PMLD, with no significant differences in GSI, and the three measured were positively correlated. Poorer mental health and increased PMLD were associated with a heightened interpretation for threat of scrambled animations only. These findings have implications for understanding of the role of threat biases in mental health and the migrant experience

Squeezy Green Balls: Promoting Environmental Awareness through Playful Interactions

We need collective action to tackle global warming. However, research shows that people switch off from being concerned about the environment because they are often too busy, or fail to appreciate their ability to make a difference. An alternative approach is to run campaigns that are able to engage large numbers of people and engender feelings of concern and empowerment. This could then kick-start a range of pro-environmental habits. We present the development and evaluation of a playful installation that aimed to attract attention, and stimulate discussion about environmental issues amongst university staff and students. The first prototype was shown to successfully attract people to engage and interact with the installation. The second prototype was deployed in-the-wild, over the course of a week. We evaluated the extent to which the installation was successful at attracting attention, and in encouraging people to interact with it, to reflect on their habits and to discuss environmental issues with others. We found the Green Ball Kiosk was a fun way to raise discussions about green issues, to encourage the adoption of new environmentally friendly behaviours and to prompt people to maintain existing ones. We suggest that interactive installations such as this can be effective at promoting awareness and generating a ‘social buzz’ about environmental topics when exhibited as a temporary installation

Involving international postgraduate students in university initiatives a qualitative investigation into UCL ChangeMakers

UCL ChangeMakers is the collaborative initiative launched in 2014 to enhance student learning experience in University College London (UCL), UK. Its aim is to enable students and staff to work together to make changes in the UCL community. In 2016/17, the UCL ChangeMakers initiative struggled to recruit projects from the postgraduate (PG) student population; however, postgrads are believed to have brought exceptionally valuable ideas into the initiative. The current study aimed to investigate the general image of the UCL ChangeMakers initiative among the UCL PG population and identify potential areas of improvement for attracting more PG students into the scheme. Two focus groups were conducted with current international PGs participating in the UCL ChangeMakers programme and international PGs from the general UCL population. The results included a discussion on current UCL PG ChangeMakers experiences, the image of the initiative among the general PG UCL population and suggestions for promotion of and improvements to the initiative. Furthermore, recommendations for postgraduate involvement in university initiatives were made

A manual-based intervention for carers of people with dementia and sleep disturbances: an acceptability and feasibility RCT

Background: It has been estimated that between 25% and 40% of people living with dementia suffer from sleep disturbances, and there are currently no known effective treatments. Sleep disturbances may be the direct result of dementia or due to other comorbidities, such as pain and limited mobility. If carers’ sleep is also disturbed, carers too can become tired and stressed, and this sometimes results in the breakdown of care in the home. Objectives: To design an evidence-based manualised non-pharmacological therapy for sleep disturbances and test it for feasibility and acceptability. Design: A single-blind, randomised, parallel-group feasibility trial, with participants randomised 2 : 1 to intervention or treatment as usual (TAU). Setting: Five memory services in two London NHS trusts and Join Dementia Research (JDR). Participants: The study recruited people with dementia and sleep disturbances (who scored ≥ 4 on at least one question on the Sleep Disorders Inventory) and their primary family carers. Intervention: All participants were given an Actiwatch (CamNtech Ltd, Cambridge, UK) to wear to record their sleep patterns for 2 weeks before randomisation. The intervention group received Dementia RElAted Manual for Sleep; STrAtegies for RelaTives (DREAMS START). This was designed as a six-session, manual-based intervention for carers of people with dementia, delivered by trained and clinically supervised psychology graduates, based on evidence about managing sleep disturbance in people with dementia. It uses the structure of a previous manual-based treatment, STrAtegies for RelaTives (START). Family carers were consulted about structure, content and design. Sessions were interactive, and each involved techniques, tasks to practise between sessions, relaxation and a recapitulation on the previous session. The sessions covered understanding sleep and dementia, making a plan (incorporating information from Actiwatch read-outs and a light box to increase light), daytime activity and routine, difficult night-time behaviours, taking care of your own (carer’s) sleep and using the strategies in the future. Carers kept their own manual, light box and relaxation recordings post intervention. Randomisation and blinding: A statistician created an electronic randomisation list, stratified by site, using random permuted blocks. Those assessing the outcome were blinded to allocation; participants were not blinded. Main outcome measures: Outcomes were assessed at 3 months. (1) Feasibility, defined as the percentage of eligible people who consented to the study recruitment, with an expected value of 50% [95% confidence interval (CI) 41% to 59%]. (2) Acceptability, defined as the percentage of intervention group participants attending ≥ 4 intervention sessions, with an expected value of 75% (95% CI 59% to 87%). The predetermined criterion for progression to the main trial was acceptability of ≥ 70%. Results: Of 95 eligible patients referred, 63 (66%, 95% CI 56% to 76%) consented between 4 August 2016 and 24 March 2017: 61 from memory clinics and two from JDR. Of these, 62 participants (65%, 95% CI 55% to 75%) were randomised: 42 to the intervention arm and 20 to the TAU arm. Thirty-seven out of 42 participants (88%, 95% CI 75% to 96%) adhered to the intervention. Conclusions: The results show that the randomised controlled trial is feasible and that the intervention is acceptable. A higher than expected proportion of eligible patients referred consented to the study and adhered to the intervention. Limitations: Participants were not blinded and were recruited only in London. Future work: The results of this trial indicate that a future efficacy trial is warranted. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials ISCTRN36983298. Funding: This project was funded by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 71. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Funding was also provided by Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust and Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust to pay for excess treatment costs from therapist training and supervision and intervention delivery