Predictors of mortality and morbidity in soft tissue infections of the lower limb: A Prospective nested case control study

OBJECTIVES: To assess the various parameters that predicts the mortality and morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections of the lower limb. METHODS: A nested case control study was designed with a sample size of fifty five in each arm. Patients were recruited and based on the outcome they were grouped under one of the two arms: non mortality, non morbidity arm and mortality, morbidity arm. From the data collected, univariate and multivariate analysis were done to find significant variables predicting mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The significant variables that predict morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections are neutrophilia, low sodium and elevated temperature at presentation. The significant variables that predict mortality in patients with soft tissue infections are diabetes mellitus, requirement of ventilator support and requirement of dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: The significant variables that predict morbidity in patients with soft tissue infections are 1. Neutrophilia in differential count with a p value of 0.079. 2. Low sodium with a p value of 0.008. 3. Elevated temperature at presentation with a p value of 0.029. The significant variables that predict mortality in patients with soft tissue infections are 1. Diabetes mellitus as a co morbid illness with a p value of 0.014. 2. Requirement of ventilator support with a p value of 0.000. 3. Requirement of dialysis with a p value of 0.026

ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayalam

ചെറുകിട കുടില്‍ വ്യവസായ മത്സ്യസംസ്കരണ രംഗത്ത് ഉല്പാദിപ്പിക്കാവുന്ന വര്‍ദ്ധിത മത്സ്യോല്പന്നങ്ങള്‍ (Value added fish products in small scale cottage industrial fish processing sector) Malayala

Spectral Clustering with Jensen-type kernels and their multi-point extensions

Motivated by multi-distribution divergences, which originate in information theory, we propose a notion of `multi-point' kernels, and study their applications. We study a class of kernels based on Jensen type divergences and show that these can be extended to measure similarity among multiple points. We study tensor flattening methods and develop a multi-point (kernel) spectral clustering (MSC) method. We further emphasize on a special case of the proposed kernels, which is a multi-point extension of the linear (dot-product) kernel and show the existence of cubic time tensor flattening algorithm in this case. Finally, we illustrate the usefulness of our contributions using standard data sets and image segmentation tasks.Comment: To appear in IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognitio

Identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of the Indian edible oyster, Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) through polymerase chain reaction

When an organism is exposed to stress by way of environmental fluctuations or pathogenic attack, reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause severe oxidative damage to the cells and hamper the cellular as well as membrane functions, are produced. In order to counter these effects, the cells activate the production of antioxidant enzymes which play pivotal role in removing ROS and maintaining the homeostasis within the cells. Crassostrea madrasensis is a promising bivalve species, living in intertidal region amidst a variety of stressors. In the present study, the RNA was isolated from gills and cDNA synthesised by Reverse Transcription PCR (RT- PCR) and amplification of these c DNA were carried out using a combination of different primers designed for super oxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).. The PCR generated amplicons of 464 bp, 171 bp and 147 bp of Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT and GPX respectively were purified and sequenced. Similarity search in NCBI - BLAST confirmed these sequences as the respective antioxidant enzyme genes. The amino acid profile of Cu/Zn-SOD deduced from the sequences representing original reading frame (ORF) on InterProScan analysis was found to contain the characteristic Cu and Zn binding domains. PCR with the SOD specific primer pair resulted in the amplification of ORF of SOD with both genomic DNA and C-DNA as templates. This indicates the intronless nature of SOD gene, an adaptation to initiate fast expression at times of stress, as observed in certain other stress related genes such as the inducible form of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70). This is the first report on the molecular detection and identification of antioxidant enzyme genes of Indian edible oyster

Molecular identification of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene in the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) and Indian brown mussel Perna indica Kuriakose & Nair, 1976

Bivalves are constantly exposed to different kinds of stressors as they live in a habitat with frequent changes in environmental parameters. The xenobiotic pollutants also contribute to the stressful routine of bivalves. Studies on the genes which mediate and contribute to the physiological plasticity of bivalves in stressful situations, induced by natural and anthropogenic agents are gaining importance. Among the stress related genes, HSP family genes play an important role in managing stress induced by various factors. Recent reports underline the role of heat shock proteins in thermo tolerance, host defense and even in aging. Here we report the molecular expression and detection of heat shock protein genes (Hsp70) from the Indian edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis and the Indian brown mussel Perna indica with unique distribution in Indian waters. The c- DNA reverse transcribed from the total RNA of gill was used as template in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify Hsp70 gene segments with primers designed from the conserved nucleotide sequences of Crassostrea gigas and Perna viridis. PCR products were sequenced, and the similarity search in NCBI-BLAST confirmed the molecular identity of targeted genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hsp gene sequence data reveals the unique position of the Indian edible oyster and Indian brown mussel among the other counterparts inhabiting rest of the world. This stands out as the first report on the expression and PCR amplification of stress related genes from Indian bivalves

A robust W-state encoding for linear quantum optics

Error-detection and correction are necessary prerequisites for any scalable quantum computing architecture. Given the inevitability of unwanted physical noise in quantum systems and the propensity for errors to spread as computations proceed, computational outcomes can become substantially corrupted. This observation applies regardless of the choice of physical implementation. In the context of photonic quantum information processing, there has recently been much interest in passive linear optics quantum computing, which includes boson-sampling, as this model eliminates the highly-challenging requirements for feed-forward via fast, active control. That is, these systems are passive by definition. In usual scenarios, error detection and correction techniques are inherently active, making them incompatible with this model, arousing suspicion that physical error processes may be an insurmountable obstacle. Here we explore a photonic error-detection technique, based on W-state encoding of photonic qubits, which is entirely passive, based on post-selection, and compatible with these near-term photonic architectures of interest. We show that this W-state redundant encoding techniques enables the suppression of dephasing noise on photonic qubits via simple fan-out style operations, implemented by optical Fourier transform networks, which can be readily realised today. The protocol effectively maps dephasing noise into heralding failures, with zero failure probability in the ideal no-noise limit. We present our scheme in the context of a single photonic qubit passing through a noisy communication or quantum memory channel, which has not been generalised to the more general context of full quantum computation.Comment: Updated draft to accepted version in Quantu

Altered bactericidal activity aginst staphylococcus aureus in tuberculous bronchoalveolr lavage fluids

Altered bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus in tuberculous bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. P. Selvaraj, N. Venkataprasad, V.K. Vijayan, P.R. Narayanan. ©ERS Journals Ltd 1994. ABSTRACT: We wished to evaluate the pulmonary defence capacity against common bacterial infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus of bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (cell-free supernatants) of patients with active (n=13) and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis (n=8), and normal individuals (n=6), were studied. The 2 and 4 h bactericidal activities were higher than the 0 h activity in lavage fluids of healthy subjects and patients with inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. Active tuberculous lavage fluids were equally competent in their bactericidal activity against S. aureus at 0 and 2 h, but a reduced S. aureus hilling was seen at 4 h of incubation. Estimation of total phospholipid levels revealed no significant difference between the various lavage fluids. This reduced hilling of S. aureus showed a relationship with the cellular components (lymphocytes and macrophages) of active tuberculous lavage fluids. A reduced hilling was associated with no lymphocytic alveolitis, and an increased hilling with lymphocytic alveolitis. This study suggests that alveolar lining material of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis has less bactericidal activity against bacterial infections, such as S. aureus

Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Pim-1 Inhibitor for Anticancer Activity.

The present study and research has been to identify new molecule for anticancer capable to inhibit pim 1 hence the following processes were carried out. Identification of Common Pharmacophore for Pim1, Preparation of database of ligands, Scaffold identification by docking, Investigation of ADME parameters of selected molecules, Synthesis of molecules related to scaffhold, Characterization of synthesized molecules by TLC, IR spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy, Acute toxicity study in albino mice, In vitro Anticancer Investigation of synthesized molecules against HCT cell lines. CONCLUSION: The present work is generating the Pharmacophore hypothesis that can be successfully used to predict biological activity. The models were capable of predicting the activities. The knowledge of Pharmacophore model was used to design and selective of new scaffolds. The selection, investigation and preparation of receptor protein from pdb for pim1 and docking of the molecule from the database against prepared Pim 1 receptor protein was carried out. The best scaffold selected from ligand database based, on the Pharmacophore predicted value and docking score against pim1 receptor, were chosen for software based ADME studies. The selected scaffold was investigated for the ADME properties. The selected molecules having good ADME properties, were selected for synthesis. The synthesis of molecules PV1, PV2, PV3 and PV4 was carried out using the identified scaffold. The Synthetic procedure involved condensation followed by cyclisation. The synthesized molecules, where characterized by using IR, NMR and MASS spectrometry. Acute toxicity studied of synthesized molecules was carried using albino mice. The LD50 value of the synthesized compound was above 2000mg/kg. The invitro anticancer activity was done using MTT assay method. The synthesized molecules PV1, PV2 and PV3 showed the activity.PV4 showed the less activity because hydrophobic feature is not available compare to the other compounds

Empirical feed formulations for the marine ornamental fish, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus (Linne 1758) and their physical, chemical and nutritional evaluation

Formulated feeds containing a common ingredient mixture (CIM) consisting of ¢shmeal (anchovies), shrimp meal (Acetes), squid meal (Loligo) and soybean meal incorporated in ascending levels to obtain protein levels ranging from 180 to 560 g kg1(18.34%, 25.35%, 36.27%, 46.61% and 56.28%) and an energy level of 19MJ kg1 were fed to the marine ornamental ¢sh, striped damsel, Dascyllus aruanus o200mg and 200^300 mg in size for periods of 35 and 63 days. Theo200mg ¢sh accepted particleso0.5mm in size and showed maximumgrowth in terms of absolute growth rate (AGR), relative growth rate (RGR) and speci¢c growth rate (SGR) with the feed containing 380 g kg1 CIM having a protein content of 362 g kg1

Development of formulated dry feed for marine aquariculture

Breeding and seed production of marine ornamental fishes in India was pioneered by CMFRI. Clown fishes and damsel fishes were the candidate species in aquariculture whose life cycles were closed and batches of 1000-1500 fishes from one brood were available for scientific investigations and sale from 2006 onwards