De novo germ-line mutation of APC gene in periampullary carcinoma with familial adenomatous polyps – A novel familial case report in South India

AbstractPeriampullary carcinoma is a malignant tumour arising from the ampulla of vater. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene has a key role in stabilizing β-catenin pathway, in which hypermethylation in APC gene could lead to proteasome degradation of β-catenin. The aim of this case report is to identify the APC gene mutation and its influence on β-catenin pathway in patient with periampullary carcinoma. A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with yellow discolouration of sclera, passing deep yellow coloured urine and pruritus. A family history of ovarian cancer had been reported in her mother. Her radiological, pathological and laboratory examination confirmed periampullary carcinoma. She underwent whipple's pancreaticoduodenectomy, and the histopathology of the resected specimen showed a well differentiated adenocarcinoma involving the ampulla of vater. Further, the tumour region was subjected to genetic screening by polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), cytogenetic analyses such as karyotyping and immunohistochemical techniques. These results showed non-sense mutation in APC gene at codon 1309, chromosomal alterations at 5q21 and irregular accumulation of β-catenin in nuclear membrane. The family history revealed a strong association of ovarian cancer (maternal) with a similar APC gene mutation. We conclude that periampullary carcinoma patient exhibit FAP due to de novo germ-line mutation of APC gene that engenders an inactivation of β-catenine/TCF mediated transcription function, which is linked with a family history of ovarian cancer

A detailed study on LDPC encoding techniques

This survey deals with LDPC encoding techniques. Different types of error detection and correction codes have been studied. BHC codes, Turbo code, LDPC Codes, Hamming codes are some of the vast classes of codes. Low Decoding complexity and efficient throughput are the achieved by using LDPC codes. Robert G.Gallager introduced this code so LDPC codes are Gallager code. After then Mackay and Neal in 1995 rediscovered LDPC codes because of its bit error performance. It consist of sparse of ones ie., low density of one’s because of this property decoding is simple. The major setback in LDPC codes are Encoding Complexity. WLAN (IEEE 802.11n) and MIMO OFDM are some of the applications of code. This code is a class of forward error correction (FEC) technique that exhibits capacity of impending near Shannon’s limit. LDPC codes are well identified for their capacity-approaching performance The LDPC codes have been selected as forward error correction in application including digital video broadcasting (DVBS2), 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10GBASE-T) broadband wireless access (Wi-Max), wireless local area network, deep-space communications

Optimizing the Temporal and Spatial Resolutions and Light Throughput of Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography in the Framework of Coded Aperture Imaging

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) is a well-established digital holography technique for 3D imaging of objects illuminated by spatially incoherent light. FINCH has a higher lateral resolution of 1.5 times that of direct imaging systems with the same numerical aperture. However, the other imaging characteristics of FINCH such as axial resolution, temporal resolution, light throughput and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are lower than those of direct imaging system. Different techniques were developed by researchers around the world to improve the imaging characteristics of FINCH while retaining the inherent higher lateral resolution of FINCH. However, most of the solutions developed to improve FINCH presented additional challenges. In this study, we optimized FINCH in the framework of coded aperture imaging. Two recently developed computational methods such as transport of amplitude into phase based on Gerchberg Saxton algorithm (TAP-GSA) and Lucy-Richardson-Rosen algorithm were applied to improve light throughput and image reconstruction respectively. The above implementation improved the axial resolution, time resolution and SNR of FINCH close to those of direct imaging while retaining the high lateral resolution. A point spread function (PSF) engineering technique has been implemented to prevent the low lateral resolution problem associated with the PSF recorded using pinholes with a large diameter. We believe that the above developments are beyond the state-of-the-art of existing FINCH-scopes.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure

POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION FOR DIRECT SEEDED BASMATI RICE

Not AvailableThe effect of potassium (K) application based on 4R stewardship (right rate, time, method, and source) on growth, yield attributes and yields of dry direct seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated during rainy (kharif) season of 2015 and 2016 at IARI, New Delhi. Application of recommended dose of K (60 kg/ha), half as basal and remaining half at panicle initiation (PI) stage increased the grain (5.4 t/ha) and straw yields (7.65 t/ha) by 10 and 4% respectively, over applying the full dose as basal. A strong, positive and significant correlation was observed between yield attributes [panicle weight (r2=0.79), panicle length (r2=0.83), fertility % (r2=0.84)] and yield of dry direct seeded basmati rice. Similarly, positive and significant correlation was observed between leaf area index at 60 DAS (r2=0.73) & 90 DAS (r2=0.91) and dry matter production. The two foliar sprays of 2.5% potassium nitrate (1st at active tillering, and 2nd at panicle initiation) increased fertility (83.5%) and grain yield (4.3 t/ha) by 6% and 8% respectively, over control. However, the combined application of foliar sprays and two split application of recommended dose of K showed non-significant effect on growth, yield and yield attributes. Thus, to obtain higher yield in dry direct seeded basmati rice, application of 60 kg/ha, half as basal and remaining half at panicle initiation (PI) is recommended.Not Availabl

The Healthy Activity Program (HAP), a lay counsellor-delivered brief psychological treatment for severe depression, in primary care in India: a randomised controlled trial

Background Although structured psychological treatments are recommended as fi rst-line interventions for depression, only a small fraction of people globally receive these treatments because of poor access in routine primary care. We assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a brief psychological treatment (Healthy Activity Program [HAP]) for delivery by lay counsellors to patients with moderately severe to severe depression in primary health-care settings. Methods In this randomised controlled trial, we recruited participants aged 18–65 years scoring more than 14 on the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) indicating moderately severe to severe depression from ten primary health centres in Goa, India. Pregnant women or patients who needed urgent medical attention or were unable to communicate clearly were not eligible. Participants were randomly allocated (1:1) to enhanced usual care (EUC) alone or EUC combined with HAP in randomly sized blocks (block size four to six [two to four for men]), stratified by primary health centre and sex, and allocation was concealed with use of sequential numbered opaque envelopes. Physicians providing EUC were masked. Primary outcomes were depression symptom severity on the Beck Depression Inventory version II and remission from depression (PHQ-9 score of <10) at 3 months in the intention to-treat population, assessed by masked fi eld researchers. Secondary outcomes were disability, days unable to work, behavioural activation, suicidal thoughts or attempts, intimate partner violence, and resource use and costs of illness. We assessed serious adverse events in the per-protocol population. This trial is registered with the ISRCTN registry, number ISRCTN95149997. Findings Between Oct 28, 2013, and July 29, 2015, we enrolled and randomly allocated 495 participants (247 [50%] to the EUC plus HAP group [two of whom were subsequently excluded because of protocol violations] and 248 [50%] to the EUC alone group), of whom 466 (95%) completed the 3 month primary outcome assessment (230 [49%] in the EUC plus HAP group and 236 [51%] in the EUC alone group). Participants in the EUC plus HAP group had significantly lower symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory version II in EUC plus HAP group 19·99 [SD 15·70] vs 27·52 [13·26] in EUC alone group; adjusted mean difference –7·57 [95% CI –10·27 to –4·86]; p<0·0001) and higher remission (147 [64%] of 230 had a PHQ-9 score of <10 in the HAP plus EUC group vs 91 [39%] of 236 in the EUC alone group; adjusted prevalence ratio 1·61 [1·34–1·93]) than did those in the EUC alone group. EUC plus HAP showed better results than did EUC alone for the secondary outcomes of disability (adjusted mean difference –2·73 [–4·39 to –1·06]; p=0·001), days out of work (–2·29 [–3·84 to –0·73]; p=0·004), intimate partner physical violence in women (0·53 [0·29–0·96]; p=0·04), behavioural activation (2·17 [1·34–3·00]; p<0·0001), and suicidal thoughts or attempts (0·61 [0·45–0·83]; p=0·001). The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained was $9333 (95% CI 3862–28 169; 2015 international dollars), with an 87% chance of being cost-effective in the study setting. Serious adverse events were infrequent and similar between groups (nine [4%] in the EUC plus HAP group vs ten [4%] in the EUC alone group; p=1·00). Interpretation HAP delivered by lay counsellors plus EUC was better than EUC alone was for patients with moderately severe to severe depression in routine primary care in Goa, India. HAP was readily accepted by this previously untreated population and was cost-effective in this setting. HAP could be a key strategy to reduce the treatment gap for depressive disorders, the leading mental health disorder worldwide