Surgical management of avascular necrosis of femoral head in young adults treated with uncemented total hip replacement

Background: Normal hip joint is subjected to many stresses during daily activities performed by an individual. Since it is one of the major weight bearing joints of the body, its normal function is necessary for daily activities. Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head is one of the common causes of painful hip in a young adult. Core decompression, fibular sturt graft can be considered in early stages, total hip arthroplasty in later stages of AVN of femoral head.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 30 patients following uncemented total hip replacement, who were operated between August 2017 and March 2020 at MNR medical college and hospital, Sangareddy. They were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year and evaluated using Harris hip scoring system. Harris hip score is designed specifically for measuring functional outcomes in hip arthroplasty.Results: There was a significant improvement in function as measured with the Harris hip score. The overall preoperative Harris hip score was 43, which remarkably improved to 89 postoperatively. The results observed, showed that all patients had good to excellent results, (Harris hip score ≥0) thus showing a good degree of pain relief, improvement in function and range of motion.Conclusions: Although the use of total hip arthroplasty in young patients will more likely necessitate future revision surgery, the consistent relief of pain and good functional results have made this procedure an attractive treatment choice for the debilitating arthritis resulting from osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

A study on functional outcome of posterior cruciate ligament substituted total knee arthroplasty

Background: Total knee replacement surgery is considered as a treatment of choice in patients with advanced arthritis, especially in patients where conservative treatment has been failed. Total knee replacement gives good pain relief, functional improvement of knee and correction of deformity.Methods: This is study of 39 patients following total knee arthroplasty, who were operated between August 2017 and March 2020 at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sangareddy. They were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year and evaluated using oxford knee scoring system. Oxford knee score is designed specifically for measuring outcomes in knee arthroplasty. There were 14 right knees, 10 left knees, 15 bilateral knees.Results: There was a significant functional improvement of knee in patients and we had achieved excellent results, out of 39 patients and 4 patients had post op suprapatellar fullness, which was relieved with medications for 3 weeks and 2 patients (2 knees) without no signs of immediate post-operative period, developed infection after 6 months followed which underwent staged revision total knee replacement. The outcome categories based on oxford knee scoring system: excellent (40-48), good (30-39), fair (20-29) and poor (0-19).Conclusions: It is difficult to balance the knee with retention of posterior cruciate ligament, whereas posterior cruciate ligament substituting total knee replacement gives reproducible and good results, hence it is the preferred mode of management

Surgical management of middle and distal third fractures of scaphoid fixed with Herbert screw by volar approach

Surgical treatment of scaphoid fractures has evolved over the years to include variety of procedures and techniques. However scaphoid middle and distal third fractures fixation with Herbert screw by means of volar approach is a safe and effective method with good functional outcome and union rates. Our study concluded that management of middle and distal third scaphoid fractures with Herbert screw by volar approach gives excellent results in terms of union and recovery to daily activities. The wrist function improvement is more satisfactory, and the incidence of complications is low with this modality of treatment

Surgical management of giant cell tumor in adolescent by excision or curettage followed by fibular strut graft

Giant cell tumour (GCT) in adolescent is a rare tumour. It commonly occurs in skeletally mature patients aged between 20-40 years. In adults it is seen in epiphyseal region. In patients with intact physis, it arises from the metaphysis. Giant cells are more common in females. It is more common in the ends of long bones of distal end of femur, proximal tibia, and distal radius. 14 cases of surgical management of GCT by excision or curettage in adolescent followed by fibular strut graft. 1 year follow up of all cases of GCT in adolescent treated with excision or curettage followed by fibular strut graft was done. Out of 14 patients, 12 patients did not develop any recurrence of GCT. 2 patient developed recurrence after 6 months. All the patients were able to attain good range of movements 2 months after surgery. GCT in adolescent surgically treated with excision or curettage followed by fibular graft had excellent results in terms of recovery of daily activities, wound healing. Chances of recurrence more in patients treated with curettage and bone grafting.

Job adjustment strategy for predictive maintenance in semi-fully flexible systems based on machine health status

Complex systems consist of multiple machines that are designed with a certain extent of redundancy to control any unanticipated events. The productivity of complex systems is highly affected by unexpected simultaneous machine failures due to overrunning of machines, improper maintenance, and natural characteristics. We proposed realistic configurations with multiple machines having several flexibilities to handle the above issues. The objectives of the proposed model are to reduce simultaneous machine failures by slowing down the pace of degradation of machines, to improve the average occurrence of the first failure time of machines, and to decrease the loss of production. An approach has been developed using each machine’s degradation information to predict the machine’s residual life based on which the job adjustment strategy where machines with a lower health status will be given a high number of jobs to perform is proposed. This approach is validated by applying it in a fabric weaving industry as a real-world case study under different scenarios and the performance is compared with two other key benchmark strategies.This work has been funded by the Department of Science and Technology, Science and Engineering Research Board (DST-SERB), a statutory body established through an Act of Parliament: SERB Act 2008, Government of India with sanction order no. ECR/2016/001808, and also by the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the R&D Units Project Scope: UIDB/00319/2020

Formulation and Evaluation of Pulsatile Drug Delivery System of Zafirlukast

 In the current scenario of pharmaceutical research much attention has been focused on patients health in terms of therapeutic efficacy and economical standards (price factor).The formulation design consist of core tablets designed by direct compression method. Core tablets were coated with an naturally occurring swelling agent (carbopol & Karaya gum). Evaluation studies were performed for prepared pulsatile tablets hardness. In in vitro release profile of 6 hours study in first 5 hours it shows minimum drug release and at the end of six hours rapid and transient release was observed. Stability studies proved that coating of tablets seems to decrease the effect of temperature and moisture on degradation of Zafirlukast. The pulsatile release has been achieved from tablet over a 7-8 hour period. &nbsp

Comparative Analysis of Fruit Metabolites and Pungency Candidate Genes Expression between Bhut Jolokia and Other <i>Capsicum</i> Species

<div><p>Bhut jolokia, commonly known as Ghost chili, a native <i>Capsicum</i> species found in North East India was recorded as the naturally occurring hottest chili in the world by the Guinness Book of World Records in 2006. Although few studies have reported variation in pungency content of this particular species, no study till date has reported detailed expression analysis of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoids (pungency) biosynthesis pathway and other fruit metabolites. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the diversity of fruit morphology, fruiting habit, capsaicinoids and other metabolite contents in 136 different genotypes mainly collected from North East India. Significant intra and inter-specific variations for fruit morphological traits, fruiting habits and 65 fruit metabolites were observed in the collected <i>Capsicum</i> germplasm belonging to three <i>Capsicum</i> species i.e., <i>Capsicum chinense</i> (Bhut jolokia, 63 accessions), <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> (17 accessions) and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> (56 accessions). The pungency level, measured in Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) and antioxidant activity measured by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay showed maximum levels in <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i> accessions followed by <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> accessions, while <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> accessions showed the lowest value for both the traits. The number of different fruit metabolites detected did not vary significantly among the different species but the metabolite such as benzoic acid hydroxyl esters identified in large percentage in majority of <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> genotypes was totally absent in the <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i> genotypes and sparingly present in few genotypes of <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i>. Significant correlations were observed between fruit metabolites capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, hexadecanoic acid, cyclopentane, α-tocopherol and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, comparative expression analysis (through qRT-PCR) of candidate genes involved in capsaicinoid biosynthesis pathway revealed many fold higher expression of majority of the genes in <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i> compared to <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> suggesting that the possible reason for extremely high pungency might be due to the higher level of candidate gene(s) expression although nucleotide variation in pungency related genes may also be involved in imparting variations in level of pungency.</p></div

Metabolite range of different <i>Capsicum</i> species.

<p>Metabolite range of <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> varieties.</p

Principal component analysis of metabolites identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis.

<p>For GC–MS, different genotypes of <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i> [Acc 1–63 (major accession formed red circle)], <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> [Acc 64–80 (major accession formed blue circle)] and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> [Acc 81–136 (major accession formed brown circle)] were analysed and the correlation variances explained by the PC1 and PC2 components are 51% and 11%, respectively.</p

Range of antioxidant activity of different <i>Capsicum</i> species.

<p>Anti-oxidant activity using DPPH assay obtained for <i>C</i>. <i>chinense</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>frutescens</i> and <i>C</i>. <i>annuum</i> varieties and represented in 25mg/ml dilutions.</p