A context based deep learning approach for unbalanced medical image segmentation

Automated medical image segmentation is an important step in many medical procedures. Recently, deep learning networks have been widely used for various medical image segmentation tasks, with U-Net and generative adversarial nets (GANs) being some of the commonly used ones. Foreground-background class imbalance is a common occurrence in medical images, and U-Net has difficulty in handling class imbalance because of its cross entropy (CE) objective function. Similarly, GAN also suffers from class imbalance because the discriminator looks at the entire image to classify it as real or fake. Since the discriminator is essentially a deep learning classifier, it is incapable of correctly identifying minor changes in small structures. To address these issues, we propose a novel context based CE loss function for U-Net, and a novel architecture Seg-GLGAN. The context based CE is a linear combination of CE obtained over the entire image and its region of interest (ROI). In Seg-GLGAN, we introduce a novel context discriminator to which the entire image and its ROI are fed as input, thus enforcing local context. We conduct extensive experiments using two challenging unbalanced datasets: PROMISE12 and ACDC. We observe that segmentation results obtained from our methods give better segmentation metrics as compared to various baseline methods.Comment: Accepted in ISBI 202

PERFORMANCE, EMISSION, NOISE AND VIBRATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOGAS –DIESEL DUAL FUEL COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE

For decades, four-stroke compression ignition engines prove to be indispensable in major sectors of transport, agriculture, etc., and it will be very difficult to completely replace these heavy-duty workhorses in upcoming days. However, the present situation of four-stroke compression ignition engines is miserable and the future of these engines highly relies on meeting the emission norms that are being imposed every year. In this regard, renewable liquid fuels are capable of solving the problem of energy supply in a decentralized fashion and these fuels can simultaneously help in achieving environmental sustainability. In order to find a feasible solution to these issues, an endeavor has been made in this work to investigate the engine performance, emission, noise and vibration characteristics of Compression Ignition (CI) engine fuelled with biogas as a secondary fuel and diesel as primary fuel. In this work, the secondary and primary fuels are used to power the kirloskar single cylinder four stroke naturally aspirated water cooled diesel engine. The secondary fuel (biogas) at various quantities was mixed with air and fed into the intake manifold of the engine. Also, the supply of biogas to the engine is precisely controlled by electronic flow control valve. The different flow rates of the biogas are allowed to flow inside the engine with the air intake ratio of 0.075gm/s,0.1gm/s,0.125gm/s,0.15gm/s and the analysis is done on each ratio. From the experimental results it was noted that at 0.125 gm/s, biogas operation significantly reduces noise and vibration. Overall, from the experimental results it is concluded that the usage of biogas in dual fuel mode produces comparable engine performance and reduces noise and vibrations

Starlike functions of complex order involving q-hypergeometric functions with fixed point

Recently Kanas and Ronning introduced the classes of starlike and convex functions, which are normalized with ƒ(ξ) = ƒ0(ξ) − 1 = 0, ξ (|ξ| = d) is a fixed point in the open disc U = {z ∈ ℂ: |z| < 1}. In this paper we define a new subclass of starlike functions of complex order based on q-hypergeometric functions and continue to obtain coefficient estimates, extreme points, inclusion properties and neighbourhood results for the function class T Sξ(α, β,γ). Further, we obtain integral means inequalities for the function ƒ ∈ T Sξ(α, β,γ)

Stepeni aerodinamike i protoka čvrste materije u odvodnim kanalima za sušenje kardamoma (2. deo)

Two dimensional spouted bed units with flexible bed dimensions were used with draft tubes to study spouting pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity, solids circulation rate and average cycle time. The data were collected while varying slant angle, draft tube height, separation distance and height of bed using cardamom. The variables which affect the spouting pressure drop and airflow through the beds are discussed. Empirical correlations were developed following the principles of dimensional analysis and similitude. The developed correlations were in accordance with the collected data. The article has been divided into two parts where the first part includes the analysis for spouting pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity and the second parts includes the solids circulation rate and average cycle time.Za proučavanje pada pritiska u odvodnom kanalu, minimalne brzine odvođenja materijala, stepena cirkulacije čvrstog materijala i prosečnog vremena ciklusa korišćene su dvodimenzionalne jedinice odvodnih kanala sa fleksibilnim dimenzijama. Podaci su prikupljani variranjem ugla nagiba, visine pripremnog kanala, rastojanja pri separaciji i visine kanala. Analizirane su veličine koje utiču na pad pritiska u odvodnom kanalu i protok kroz kanal. Razvijene su empirijske zavisnosti korišćenjem simulacije i dimenzione analize. Razvijene zavisnosti su bile u skladu sa prikupljenim podacima. Rad je podeljen u dva dela pri čemu se prvi deo bavi analizom pada pritiska u odvodnom kanalu i minimalnom brzinom odvođenja a drugi deo stepenom protoka čvrste materije i prosečnim vremenom ciklusa

Stepeni aerodinamike i protoka čvrste materije u odvodnim kanalima za sušenje kardamoma (1. Deo)

Two dimensional spouted bed units with flexible bed dimensions were used with draft tubes to study spouting pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity, solids circulation rate and average cycle time. The data were collected while varying slant angle, draft tube height, separation distance and height of bed using cardamom. The variables which affect the spouting pressure drop and airflow through the beds are discussed. Empirical correlations were developed following the principles of dimensional analysis and similitude. The developed correlations were in accordance with the collected data. The article has been divided into two parts where the first part includes the analysis for spouting pressure drop and minimum spouting velocity and the second parts includes the solids circulation rate and average cycle time.Za proučavanje pada pritiska u odvodnom kanalu, minimalne brzine odvođenja materijala, stepena cirkulacije čvrstog materijala i prosečnog vremena ciklusa korišćene su dvodimenzionalne jedinice odvodnih kanala sa fleksibilnim dimenzijama. Podaci su prikupljani variranjem ugla nagiba, visine pripremnog kanala, rastojanja pri separaciji i visine kanala. Analizirane su veličine koje utiču na pad pritiska u odvodnom kanalu i protok kroz kanal. Razvijene su empirijske zavisnosti korišćenjem simulacije i dimenzione analize. Razvijene zavisnosti su bile u skladu sa prikupljenim podacima. Rad je podeljen u dva dela pri čemu se prvi deo bavi analizom pada pritiska u odvodnom kanalu i minimalnom brzinom odvođenja a drugi deo stepenom protoka čvrste materije i prosečnim vremenom ciklusa

Process optimization of templated DSA flows

Directed Self-Assembly (DSA) of Block Co-Polymers (BCP) has become an intense field of study as a potential patterning solution for future generation devices. The most critical challenges that need to be understood and controlled include pattern placement accuracy, achieving low defectivity in DSA patterns and how to make chip designs DSA-friendly. The DSA program at imec includes efforts on these three major topics. Specifically, in this paper the progress in setting up flows for templated DSA within the imec program will be discussed. A process has been implemented based on a hard mask as the template layer. In this paper primarily the impact of local pattern density and BCP film thickness on the templated DSA process are discussed. The open hole rate and the placement accuracy of BCP patterns within the template are the primary figures of merit.. © 2014 SPIE.status: publishe