Factors Correlated with Equity Market Risk Premiums in Developed and Emerging Markets

This paper re-examines how three theory-suggested factors affect equity returns - specified as risk-premiums - and how the results differ between developed and emerging markets. Traditional time series or cross-sectional regression procedures have yielded inconclusive evidence on maintained hypotheses about the determinants of equity premiums. However, on pooling observations, our estimated coefficients are much more accurate. Using panel data regression, we find that the risk premiums of developed appear to be affected by variation in the three factors within the equity markets of countries. In the emerging Asian markets, the risk premiums are affected more by the variation over time in at least one of the same three factors.

Diversity of true mangroves and their associates in the Kundapura region, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest coast of India

The present study documents the diversity of true mangroves and their associates, in four selected sites of Kundapura, Udupi district, Karnataka, Southwest coast of India, for a period of two years from April-2010 to March-2012. These places are far from one another and the mangrove species diversity varies from one place to another, due to factors such as climate, tidal factors and anthropogenic pressures. Nine true mangrove floral species belonging to six families and ten associated floral species belonging to nine families were identified along the inundated and the adjacent regions at the study sites.  This write up discusses the need of present study is to gain knowledge about the mangrove flora in order help conservation of mangrove ecosystem

Book Review: Cage aquaculture in India

CMFRI has published a book entitled 'Cage aquaculture in India' which was released by Hon. Union Minister for Agriculture Shri. Sharad Pawar at Karwar on 19th July 2013

A State of Responsiveness Amid Crisis: Learnings from India

[Excerpt] Responsiveness is one of the most often used terms in business to represent a primary source of agility in organizational systems. Firms that respond quickly to uncertain situations often succeed. However, responsiveness under a higher level of uncertainty is challenging. Another way of looking at uncertainty is to define an opportunity within the crisis. Put differently, uncertainty is not an everyday routine and hence determines an opportunity to demonstrate leadership through responsiveness

Cage Aquaculture in India - Book Review 2013

The book “Cage Aquaculture in India” authored by Drs. G. Syda Rao, Imelda Joseph, K.K. Philipose and M. Suresh Kumar was published by the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) is a monumental work by the authors and first comprehensive publication on the subject. Enclosed fresh and brackish water bodies such as ponds being fully or in some cases overexploited creating environmental problems, the world is looking to farming of fish in open waters whether they be fresh or marine to meet the increasing demand for fish not only in India, but also all over the world. Cage farming of fish in freshwater fish started sometime back in India on a small-scale but for various reasons could not take off on a commercial scale

Introgression of Brown Norway \u3cem\u3eCYP4A\u3c/em\u3e Genes onto the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Background Restores Vascular Function in SS-5\u3csup\u3eBN\u3c/sup\u3e Consomic Rats

The present study tested the hypothesis that the Dahl SS (salt-sensitive) rat has vascular dysfunction due, in part, to the up-regulation of the CYP4A/20-HETE (cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase 4A)/20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) system. To assess the role of vascular 20-HETE, SS rats were compared with SS-5BN consomic rats, carrying CYP4A alleles on chromosome 5 from the normotensive BN (Brown Norway) introgressed on to the SS genetic background. Cerebral arteries from SS-5BN rats had less CYP4A protein than arteries from SS rats fed either NS (normal-salt, 0.4% NaCl) or HS (high-salt, 4.0% NaCl) diet. ACh (acetylcholine)-induced dilation of MCAs (middle cerebral arteries) from SS and SS-5BN rats was present in SS-5BN rats fed on either an NS or HS diet, but absent in SS rats. In SS rats fed on either diet, ACh-induced dilation was restored by acute treatment with the CYP4A inhibitor DDMS (N-methyl-sulfonyl-12,12-dibromododec-11-enamide) or the 20-HETE antagonist 20-HEDE [20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid]. The restored response to ACh in DDMS-treated SS rats was inhibited by L-NAME (NGnitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and unaffected by indomethacin or MS-PPOH [N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide]. Vascular relaxation responses to the NO donor C5FeN6Na2O were intact in both SS and SS-5BN rats and unaffected by the acute addition of DDMS, indicating that the vascular dysfunction of the SS rat is due to a reduced bioavailability of NO instead of failure of the VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) to respond to the vasodilator. Superoxide levels in cerebral arteries of SS-5BN rats [evaluated semi-quantitatively by DHE (dihydroethidium) fluorescence] were lower than those in the arteries of SS rats. These findings indicate that SS rats have an up-regulation of the CYP4A/20-HETE pathway resulting in elevated ROS (reactive oxygen species) and reduced NO bioavailability causing vascular dysfunction