Comparative analysis of medical pharmacology books based on competency based undergraduate curriculum followed by MBBS student in Rani Durgavati Medical College, Banda

Background: National Medical Commission (NMC) has implemented competency based undergraduate curriculum for training of new M.B.B.S. students. As per these curriculum authors of Medical Pharmacology books also changed their book content to fulfill the subject requirement.Methods: A systematic comparison of books carried out in department of pharmacology Rani Durgawati Medical College, Banda, Uttar Pradesh. There was comparison of 5 books of medical pharmacology of Indian author belongs to edition after 2019. The books included were Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (Jaypee Publication, 8th Edition, 2021), Medical Pharmacology (CBS Publishers And Distributors Pvt Ltd, 7th Edition, 2021), Pharmacology and Pharmacotherepeutics (Elsvier Publication, 26th Edition, 2021), Pharmacology for MBBS (Avichal Publication Company, 2nd edition, 2021) and Pharmacology for Medical Graduates (Elsvier Publication, 4th Edition, 2020). All the books were examined for the competencies described in the pharmacology syllabus. The table was prepared for the availability of topics according to the competencies of different section of syllabus. The chapter/page numbers mentioned in competency table were looked upon for the respective competencies and presence or absence of the topic was noted down.Results: All the books mainly covered competency given in the knowledge section of the syllabus. Few competencies in skill and communication sections were also covered in the text books.Conclusions: When all the five books were evaluated according to pharmacology competency in syllabus, none of the books covered whole pharmacology syllabus. This may be because authors considered the competency topics in skill and communication section as a part of practical or because many practical books or manuals are available in the market which covered topics in these sections

Small Farm Goat Production in Semi-Arid Region of Uttar Pradesh

Majority of selected goat farmers were landless and marginal (69%) with an annual average income of Rs.I9200.00. However, average income of small and medium goat farmers were about Rs.25500.00.Ownership pattern of goats revealed that about 78% goats were owned by the landless and marginal farmers. Majority of the farmers had Barbari/Barbari type goats (54%) followed by non-descript (43%) and Sirohi type goats (3%). Furthermore, 69 per cent goat houses were of Kaccha type and 49 per cent of selected respondent availed private veterinary services for their goats however, 40 percent of the goat farmers used home remedies. Merely, 11 per cent of the respondents visited government veterinary hospitals Though, poor socio-economic status cannot be ignore for the goat improvement in study village, some policy support is imperative to encourage goat farmers for their overall development

Aryabhata and the Construction of the First Trigonometric Table

Few among us would know that the first mention of the sine and the enumeration of the first sine table are to be credited to Aryabhata. The method to generate this relies on the sine difference formula which is derived using ingenious arguments based on similar triangles. We describe how this was done. In order to make our presentation pedagogical we take a unit circle and radians instead of the (now) archaic notation in the Aryabhatiya and its commentators. We suggest a couple of exercise problems and invite the enterprising student to try their hands. We also point out that his sine and the second sine difference identities are related to the finite difference calculus we now routinely use to calculate derivatives and second derivatives. An understanding of these trigonometric identities and preparation of the sine table will enable a student to get an appreciation of the path breaking work of Aryabhata.Comment: 11 pages and 2 figures one of the figures is .png the other figure is embedded as tik

Employee recognition policies and programs for medical and non medical staff in a public and a private hospital in a metropolitan city of India: a comparative study

Background: Employee recognition has been linked to such positive outcomes as job satisfaction, organizational and career commitment, cohesion and collaboration, and perceived organizational support. A lack of meaningful recognition has been linked to negative outcomes such as absenteeism and turnover, stress and burnout, and decreased quality of patient care.Methods: A comprehensive descriptive and comparative cross-sectional study on employee recognition policies and programs for medical and non-medical staff in a public and a private hospital in India was conducted from April 2012 to October 2012. A 200 bedded public hospital with the staff strength of 140 and a 110 bedded private hospital with total staff strength of 160 participated in the study.Results: There were no doctors or technicians who did not enjoy their job. There were small number of nurses who didn’t enjoy the job (8% and 10% in public and private hospital respectively). For housekeeping staff, there was much variability in the option for, “Somewhat Enjoy” from 14% to 45% in public and private hospital respectively. Majority of doctors (87.5% and 80%) in public and private hospital respectively, were unhappy with the workload of their job. Also, significant number of nurses (44% and 27.5%) and technicians (20% and 20%) in public and private hospital respectively, were unhappy with the workload of their job.Conclusions: It is well established that good salary structure, good promotion opportunities and good training is important for employee satisfaction, but employee recognition also plays an important role

Leaching behavior of vitreous fertilizers for application as plant nutrients

In view of significant role of macro and micro nutrient elements for increasing the food production to feed the growing population along with maintaining soil fertility, glassy fertilizers to supply  the said need were prepared in the laboratory. The main objective of the present work is to study the role of different nutrient elements in the glass composition to be used as fertilizers. This has been aimed to provide a better substitution of chemical fertilizers because of its specific nature of leachability in aqueous medium. In the present research paper, the combined varying effect of different nutrient elements such as P, B, Zn, Fe, Cu, K and Si has been investigated using different experimental techniques

A comparative study of efficacy of tadalafil and alfuzosin regimens in patients of benign prostate hyperplasia

Background: Aim of the study was to compare efficacy of Tadalafil and Alfuzosin regimens in patients of Benign Prostate Hyperplasia.Methods: It was a comparative, prospective, observational, non-invasive, parallel and randomised study conducted at the Outpatient Department of Urology, Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. 60 patients diagnosed with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia along with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, out which, 30 patients, consuming Tadalafil and 30 patients consuming Alfuzosin were considered. History regarding the concerned disease and the compliance of treatment was taken. Symptom scores were assessed with the help of International Prostate Symptom Score, Quality of Lifestyle Score and Erectile Dysfunction Score. Physical examination consisting of Focused Neurological Examination along with Digital Rectal Examination were conducted. Parameters like Renal Function Test, Urine analysis, Ultrasound of Prostate and uroflowmetry were also considered.Results: The mean age selected for study was 64 years for Tadalafil and Alfuzosin group. The mean level of IPS Score, Qol Score and ED Score at the first day of inclusion of patients were 23.96±4.49, 4±0.78, and 25.33±4.02 respectively for Tadalafil group and regarding Alfuzosin group they were 25.23±4.84, 3.56±0.81, and 26.1±4.04 respectively. Follow ups were conducted at 15 days, 1 month and 3 months for both the groups which were found to be statistically significant after 3 months and Alfuzosin showed a favourable result.Conclusions: Alfuzosin 10mg given at daily dose was found to have higher efficacy than Tadalafil (5mg)

Cyclic oxidation behaviour of low alloy steel And aisi 304 steel inair at 900oc

The oxidation behaviour of Low alloy steel its German designation (20mnmoni55) and AISI 304 steel has been studied in air under cyclic conditions at 900°C for 50 hr cyclic. Oxidation kinetics was established by thermogravimetric technique. Each cycle consisted of 1 hour heating at 900°C followed by 20 min of cooling in air. Low alloy steel sample followed somewhat linear rate of oxidation with more weight gain while AISI 304 sample followed the non-linear rate law of oxidation with less weight gain. The microstructural feature and phase transformation of oxide scales were characterise by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM/EDAX) techniques