Asociación entre altitud geográfica e incidencia de rabia silvestre en ganado bovino en la región de Apurímac (2004-2015)

Latin American cattle farming is affected by the wild rabies virus whose vector is Desmodus rotundus. In 2014, Apurímac, Peru registered the highest number of cases (n=75) The objective of the study was to determine the association between calendar time and wild bovine rabies outbreaks at different geographical altitudes in the Apurímac valley, between the years 2004 and 2015. Data from the SIGSA-SENASA (Integrated Animal Health Management System of the National Agrarian Health Service) on geographical altitude (m) and date of suspected outbreaks of wild rabies confirmed by direct immunofluorescence were analysed. The data were analysed using the Chi square test, t-Student, Spearman’s rho correlation and Poisson’s generalized linear models (GLM). In total, 525 suspected outbreaks were analysed (altitude range: 999-4586 m), finding differences for the number of outbreaks according to altitudes: high, medium and low (p<0.05). No correlation was found between outbreak altitude and calendar time or association between geographical altitude of the wild rabies outbreak with calendar time adjusted by seasonality and rearing system. It is concluded that there was an association between the number of cases of wild rabies and geographic altitude (p<0.05), without association with calendar time. Likewise, a negative association was observed with the average minimum temperature (p<0.01).La ganadería bovina latinoamericana se encuentra afectada por el virus de la rabia silvestre cuyo vector es el Desmodus rotundus. En 2014, Apurímac, Perú, registró el mayor número de casos (n=75). El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación entre el tiempo calendario y los brotes de rabia silvestre bovina a distintas altitudes geográficas del valle de Apurímac, entre los años 2004 y 2015. Se analizaron datos del SIGSA-SENASA (Sistema Integrado de Gestión en Salud Animal del Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria) sobre altitud geográfica (m) y fecha de brotes sospechosos de rabia silvestre confirmada por inmunofluorescencia directa. Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba de Chi cuadrado, t-Student, correlación rho de Spearman y modelos lineales generalizados (GLM) de Poisson. Se analizaron 525 brotes sospechosos (rango de altitud: 999-4586 m), hallando diferencias para el número de brotes según altitudes: alta, media y baja (p<0.05). No se halló correlación entre altitud de brote y tiempo calendario ni asociación entre altitud geográfica del brote de rabia silvestre con tiempo calendario ajustado por estacionalidad y tipo de crianza. Se concluye que hubo asociación entre el número de casos de rabia silvestre y la altitud geográfica (p<0.05), sin asociación al tiempo calendario; asimismo, se observó una asociación negativa con la temperatura mínima promedio (p<0.01)

La renovación de la palabra en el bicentenario de la Argentina : los colores de la mirada lingüística

El libro reúne trabajos en los que se exponen resultados de investigaciones presentadas por investigadores de Argentina, Chile, Brasil, España, Italia y Alemania en el XII Congreso de la Sociedad Argentina de Lingüística (SAL), Bicentenario: la renovación de la palabra, realizado en Mendoza, Argentina, entre el 6 y el 9 de abril de 2010. Las temáticas abordadas en los 167 capítulos muestran las grandes líneas de investigación que se desarrollan fundamentalmente en nuestro país, pero también en los otros países mencionados arriba, y señalan además las áreas que recién se inician, con poca tradición en nuestro país y que deberían fomentarse. Los trabajos aquí publicados se enmarcan dentro de las siguientes disciplinas y/o campos de investigación: Fonología, Sintaxis, Semántica y Pragmática, Lingüística Cognitiva, Análisis del Discurso, Psicolingüística, Adquisición de la Lengua, Sociolingüística y Dialectología, Didáctica de la lengua, Lingüística Aplicada, Lingüística Computacional, Historia de la Lengua y la Lingüística, Lenguas Aborígenes, Filosofía del Lenguaje, Lexicología y Terminología

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora