Effects of female rat chromosome 5 congenic strains on blood pressure, pulse pressure and relative heart weight.

<p>Values are means ± standard error of the means; n, number of animals; Δ, difference between Dahl S and congenic values; SBP, systolic blood pressure in mmHg; DBP, diastolic blood pressure in mmHg; MAP, mean arterial pressure in mmHg; PP, pulse pressure; RHW, relative heart weight (ratio of heart weight to body weight multiplied by 1000); <i>P</i>, one-way ANOVA followed by Holm-Sidak’s test for multiple comparisons.</p

Representative Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS)-stained photomicrographs of rat kidneys with low (≤115) and high (≥265) glomerular injury scores (GIS).

<p>A. Low magnification view of representative rat kidney section with low GIS, and (B–D) high magnification view of three representative rat kidney sections with low GIS scores demonstrate mild PAS-staining (magenta) of glomerular mesangial matrix and basement membranes, minimal PAS-staining of tubular basement membranes and tubular casts, and no glomerular sclerosis. In contrast, E, low magnification view of representative rat kidney section with high GIS, and (F–H) high magnification view of three representative rat kidney sections with high GIS show increased number of PAS-stained glomeruli with thickened mesangial matrix and basement membranes, glomerular sclerosis, tubular casts and PAS-stained thickened tubular basement membranes. Yellow <>\raster(80%)="rg1"<>, glomeruli, <>\raster(80%)="rg1"<> sclerotic glomeruli, *, tubular casts, bar = 200 micron (A, E), 50 microns (B–D, E–H).</p

Post-menopausal BP QTLs detected in other F2 (Dahl S×R) intercrosses.

<p>Table legend: QTL, quantitative trait locus; <i>m</i>, months; SIG, significance; HSig, highly significant; Sig, significant; Sugg, suggestive; Eff, S-allele effect on trait; ↑, S-allele increases trait; ↓, S-allele decreases trait.</p

Post-menopausal significant and highly significant BP QTLs detected in other Dahl S intercrosses.

<p>Table legend: QTL, quantitative trait locus; Chr, chromosome; Mbp, mega-base pair; M, male intercross; F, female intercross; Ref, reference;</p>a<p>, QTL name as per RGD (rat genome database);</p>b<p>, rat-location as per RGD;</p>c<p>, contrasting strain.</p

Chromosome 5 blood pressure (BP) QTLs in male and female F2 [Dahl S x R]-intercross rats.

<p>Chromosome 5 was analyzed by interval mapping in male and female F2 [Dahl S x R]-intercross rat populations (QTX Map Manager) <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0042214#pone.0042214-Manly1" target="_blank">[10]</a>. Orientation of chromosome: left → right starting from lowest Mbp. Horizontal dashed lines mark LOD values for significance of linkage, from top to bottom: highly significant LOD ≥4.9 and significant LOD ≥3.2. LOD in female F2 [Dahl S x R]-intercross rats (black solid line); LOD in male F2 [Dahl S x R]-intercross rats (dotted line).</p

QTLs for blood pressure (BP) in post-menopausal (16 months old) F2 (Dahl S×R)-intercross female rats.

<p>Chromosomes with suggestive, significant and highly significant QTLs were analyzed by interval mapping with bootstrap resampling method to estimate a confidence interval (QTXb19 Map Manager): Panel A, chromosome 13 (<i>BP-pm1</i>); B, chromosome 11 (<i>BP-pm2</i>); C, chromosome 2 (<i>BP-pm3</i>); D, chromosome 4 (<i>BP-pm4</i>); E, chromosome 15 (<i>BP-pm5</i>) and F, chromosome 5 (<i>BP-f1</i>). Yellow histograms represent the bootstrap-based confidence intervals for the detected QTLs. For a histogram with single peak, widths define the confidence interval for the QTL. Histograms with more than one peak suggest that there may be multiple linked QTLs or that the QTL is not well defined (QTXb19 Map Manager). Orientation of chromosomes: left→right starting from lowest Mbp. Horizontal green lines [—] mark LOD values for significance of linkage, from top to bottom: highly significant LOD≥3.70; significant LOD≥2.48; suggestive LOD≥1.22; LOD [—]; regression coefficient [—].</p

QTLs for glomerular injury score (GIS) in postmenopausal F2 (Dahl S x R)-intercross female rats.

<p>Chromosomes were analyzed by interval mapping with bootstrap resampling method to estimate a confidence interval (QTXb19 Map Manager): Panel A, chromosome 4 (<i>GIS-pm1</i>); B, chromosome 3 (<i>GIS-pm2</i>); C, chromosome 5 (<i>GIS-pm3</i>); D, chromosome 2 (<i>GIS-pm4</i>) and E, chromosome 7 (<i>GIS-pm5</i>). Yellow histograms represent the bootstrap-based confidence intervals for the detected QTLs. Orientation of chromosomes: left → right starting from lowest Mbp. Horizontal green lines [] mark LOD values for significance of linkage, from top to bottom: highly significant LOD≥3.17; significant LOD≥2.17; suggestive LOD≥1.15; LOD [—]; regression coefficient [</p><p><b>—</b></p>].<p></p

QTLs for blood pressure in post-menopausal F2 (Dahl S×R) intercross female rats.

<p>Table legend: QTL, quantitative trait locus; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Chr, chromosome; %, the amount in % of total trait variance that would be explained by a QTL at these loci; Mbp, mega-base pair; LOD, logarithm of the odds score derived from the likelihood ratio statistic using a factor of 4.6; ↑, S-allele increases trait; ↓, S-allele decreases trait. Significance determined from 2000 permutations on data set: LOD 3.70 highly significant (HS); LOD 2.48 significant (S); LOD 1.22 suggestive (Sug). Human QTLs as per RGD.</p

QTLs for glomerular injury score in postmenopausal F2 (Dahl S x R) intercross female rats.

<p>QTL, quantitative trait locus; GIS, glomerular injury score; Chr, chromosome; % , the amount in % of total trait variance that would be explained by a QTL at these loci; Mbp, mega-base pair; LOD, logarithm of the odds score derived from the likelihood ratio statistic using a factor of 4.6; ↑, S-allele increases trait; ↓, S-allele decreases trait. Significance determined from 2000 permutations on data set: LOD 3.17 highly significant (HS); LOD 2.17 significant (S); LOD 1.15 suggestive (Sug).</p

Number of juvenile donor non-spTg25- male cd34+/kdr+/cd45- EPCs infused into recipient spTg25+ female rats and corresponding lifespan prior to the onset of stroke.

<p>Legend: Number of total cd34+/kdr+/cd45- EPCs isolated from 2 m-old donor rats (male, non-stroke-prone, nontransgenic, normolipidemic rats) injected into recipient rats (female, stroke prone, transgenic-hyperlipidemic) at 3-months of age (Rx-1) and at 4-months of age (Rx-2). Lifespan is defined by the onset of stroke which prompted euthanasia; wks, weeks of age.</p