Seleção de linhagens de soja com base no ideótipo nutracêutico

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar linhagens de soja com ideótipo nutracêutico sob condições meteorológicas impostas nos ambientes de seleção. O experimento foi realziado na safra 2021/2022 na Escola Fazenda, Universidade Regional do Noroeste do Estado Rio Grande do Sul, localizada no município de Augusto Pestana - RS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos aumentados, com testemunhas intercalares sendo 27 populações geração F2, 118 linhagens geração F5, 70 linhagens geração F8 e 15 cultivares de soja, estes arranjados em three repetições. Avaliamos a composição química da soja pelo método de Espectroscopia no Infravermelho Próximo - NIRS. O genótipo IRC050 possui um ideótipo para incremento de ácido graxo esteárico (SEAR) e redução de fibra (FB) e material mineral (MM). Na geração F5 foram selecionados os genótipos L174F5, L307F5, L322F5, L205F5, L190F5, L196F5, L219F5, L183F5, L301F5, L172F5, L198F5, L182F5, L319F5, L21F5, L188F5, L217F5, L302F5, L315F5, L36F5, L318F5, L211F5, L165F5, L321F5 e L179F5. A seleção de genótipos com maiores teores de ácido linoleico e proteína pode ser realizada indiretamente por meio da enzima peroxidase.This study aims to select soybean lines with desirable nutraceutical characteristics under specific meteorological conditions in the selection environments. The experiment was conducted during the 2021/2022 harvest at Escola Fazenda, Regional University of the Northwest of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, located in Augusto Pestana- RS, Brazil. The experimental design was augmented blocks, with 27 populations of F2 generation, 118 lines of F5 generation, 70 lines of F8 generation, and 15 soybean cultivars as interim checks, arranged in three replications. The chemical composition of soybeans was evaluated using Near Infrared Spectroscopy - NIRS method to analyze various nutritional components. The IRC050 genotype exhibited a nutraceutical profile characterized by an increment in stearic fatty acid (STEAR) and reduction in fiber (FB) and mineral material (MM) contents. Among the F5 generation, the following genotypes were selected based on their nutraceutical traits: L174F5, L307F5, L322F5, L205F5, L190F5, L196F5, L219F5, L183F5, L301F5, L172F5, L198F5, L182F5, L319F5, L21F5, L188F5, L217F5, L302F5, L315F5, L36F5, L318F5, L211F5, L165F5, L321F5, and L179F5. The indirect selection of genotypes with higher levels of linoleic acid and protein was facilitated using the enzyme peroxidase

Influência de variáveis meteorológicas e fatores geográficos na seleção de linhagens de soja

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables and geographic factors on the selection of soybean lines concerning grain yield in Brazil and Paraguay soybean-producing regions. The study was conducted in seven different environments: Bela Vista do Norte - PY, Palotina - PR, Mangueirinha - PR, Major Vieira - SC, Três Passos - RS, Toledo – PR, and Passo Fundo - RS. The randomized block design in an incomplete factorial scheme with six soybean genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6) was used for the experiments. The harvest occurred in the first half of March, and grain yield was measured through the total harvest of the plot and expressed in kg ha-1, with grain moisture at 13%. The climatic variables used in the study were maximum air temperature (Tmax, ºC), average air temperature (Tavg, ºC), minimum air temperature (Tmin, ºC), relative air humidity (RH, %), precipitation (Prec, mm), wind speed (WS, m/s), dew point (DP, °C), incident radiation (Rad_Inc, MJ/m²), and total radiation (RAD_OL, MJ/m²); and geographic factors were altitude (ALT), longitude (LON), and latitude (LAT). The G5 genotype with a genetic value for grain yield above the general average is the most adapted to favorable environments. Altitude had the greatest influence on the biological variability of the genotypes, with a negative correlation of moderate magnitude with grain yield. Grain yield was enhanced in environments with altitudes lower than 338 m at latitudes below 24.17S.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de variáveis meteorológicas e fatores geográficos na seleção de linhagens de soja em relação à produtividade de grãos em regiões de soja do Brasil e Paraguai. O estudo foi realizado em sete ambientes distintos: Bela Vista do Norte – PY, Palotina – PR, Mangueirinha – PR, Major Vieira – SC, Três Passos – RS, Toledo - PR e Passo Fundo - RS. O delineamento experimental utilizou blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial incompleto, utilizando seis genótipos de soja (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5 e G6). Na colheita da primeira quinzena de março, a produtividade de grãos foi medida através da colheita total da parcela e expressa em kg ha-1, com umidade de grãos em 13%. As variáveis meteorológicas utilizadas no presente estudo foram: temperatura máxima do ar (Tmax, ºC), temperatura média do ar (Tavg, ºC), temperatura mínima do ar (Tmin, ºC), umidade relativa (RH, %), precipitação (Prec, mm), velocidade do vento (WS, m/s), ponto de orvalho (DP, °C), radiação incidente (Rad_Inc, MJ/m²) e radiação total (RAD_OL, MJ/m²). O genótipo G5 com valor genético para produtividade de grãos acima da média geral é o mais adaptado a ambientes favoráveis. A altitude exerceu a maior influência na variabilidade biológica dos genótipos, com correlação negativa de magnitude moderada com a produtividade de grãos. A produtividade de grãos foi potencializada em ambientes com altitude inferior a 338 m em latitudes abaixo de 24.17S

INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES AND GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS IN THE SELECTION OF SOYBEAN LINES

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of meteorological variables and geographic factors on the selection of soybean lines concerning grain yield in Brazil and Paraguay soybean-producing regions. The study was conducted in seven different environments: Bela Vista do Norte - PY, Palotina - PR, Mangueirinha - PR, Major Vieira - SC, Três Passos - RS, Toledo – PR, and Passo Fundo - RS. The randomized block design in an incomplete factorial scheme with six soybean genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, and G6) was used for the experiments. The harvest occurred in the first half of March, and grain yield was measured through the total harvest of the plot and expressed in kg ha-1, with grain moisture at 13%. The climatic variables used in the study were maximum air temperature (Tmax, ºC), average air temperature (Tavg, ºC), minimum air temperature (Tmin, ºC), relative air humidity (RH, %), precipitation (Prec, mm), wind speed (WS, m/s), dew point (DP, °C), incident radiation (Rad_Inc, MJ/m²), and total radiation (RAD_OL, MJ/m²); and geographic factors were altitude (ALT), longitude (LON), and latitude (LAT). The G5 genotype with a genetic value for grain yield above the general average is the most adapted to favorable environments. Altitude had the greatest influence on the biological variability of the genotypes, with a negative correlation of moderate magnitude with grain yield. Grain yield was enhanced in environments with altitudes lower than 338 m at latitudes below 24.17S