<i>P. falciparum</i> FP2 non-synonymous amino acid and nucleotide substitutions observed in Tororo, Uganda.

<p>All data are relative to reference sequence <i>PF3D7_1343700.</i></p><p>n = number of samples containing mutant allele.</p><p>N = number of samples sequenced at locus.</p>a<p>SNP reported in MalariaGen.</p>b<p>SNP reported in PlasmoDB, v. 11.0.</p>c<p>Different SNP in same codon has been previously reported (MalariaGen or PlasmoDB).</p>d<p>SNP reported to be present in culture adapted Cambodian strains by Ariey <i>et al</i>.<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0105690#pone.0105690-Ariey1" target="_blank">[14]</a>.</p>e<p>Transmembrane boundaries as indicated in PlasmoDB v. 11.0 (amino acids 35–57).</p

<i>P. falciparum</i> K13-propeller amino acid and nucleotide substitutions observed in Tororo, Uganda.

<p>All data are relative to reference sequence <i>PF3D7_1343700.</i></p><p>n = number of samples containing mutant allele.</p><p>N = number of samples sequenced at locus.</p>a<p>SNP has been previously identified (MalariaGen).</p>b<p>Different SNP in same codon has been previously reported (MalariaGen).</p>c<p>Polymorphism identified in mixed <i>P. falciparum/P. ovale</i> infection.</p

Trial profile.

<p>¹Only data that accrued until the study participant was prematurely withdrawn from the study were included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis. ²Complete data included in the modified intention-to-treat analysis.</p

Incidence of malaria over age, stratified by assigned study arm.

<p>PYAR, person-years at risk.</p

Comparative effectiveness against secondary outcomes.

<p>PYAR, person-years at risk.</p

Baseline characteristics at enrollment of study participants randomized to the intervention.

a<p>Length-for-age <i>z</i>-score<−2.</p>b<p>Weight-for-age <i>z</i>-score<−2.</p><p>SD, standard deviation.</p

Protective efficacy against incident episodes of malaria using multivariable analyses.

a<p>Adjusted for household wealth index, level of education of primary caregiver, whether the child was parasitemic at enrollment, residence in village or town, type of materials used for house construction, and nutritional status at enrollment (defined as length-for-age <i>z</i>-score).</p><p>PYAR, person-years at risk.</p

Vertical box plots of piperaquine concentrations at the time of each episode of malaria, stratified by number of days since last dose of DP reportedly given.

<p>10 ng/ml represents the lower limit of detection.</p

Comparative safety outcomes.

a<p>Includes only those categories with at least five total events.</p><p>*<i>p</i><0.05 compared to control group;</p><p>**<i>p</i><0.01 compared to control group;</p><p>***<i>p</i><0.001 compared to control group.</p><p>N/A, not applicable; PYAR, person-years at risk.</p

Protective efficacy against incident episodes of malaria overall and stratified by age.

<p>PYAR, person-years at risk.</p