4 research outputs found
Autonomous and Environmentally Comfortable Type of Housing for the Development of the Arctic
Factors that impede the development of the Arctic are: 1) long frosts; 2) low quality of indoor air; 3) an unsanitary surroundings due to low activity of biota; 4) deficiency of fresh vitamin-containing food; 5) high dependency of settlements on external supply. The concept of the Arctic Ecological- Energy Autonomous Dwelling (AEEAD) designed to solve the problems is grounded on: 1) the optimal configuration of housing and heat savings; 2) closure of the flows of substances; 3) the use of autonomous energy sources. To ensure energy savings and maintain a high quality of life air revitalization is required. Air revitalization is provided by household greenhouses, which perform additional functions β heating the living quarters, lighting it, moistening the winter overdried air, growing food, decorating house interior, providing psychological support. New technologies for growing a variety of plants and organic wastes decomposition are discussed. Energetic autonomy is provided by means coupling wind generator with high-heat accumulators based on cheap solid heat-storage materials coupled, in its turn, with Stirling engine/electrical generator unit. Due to βmacro-compositeβ structure of heat exchanger it can be achieved: almost zero heat loss in the absence of thermal insulation; a significant stabilization of the temperature at the output of the thermal battery, over the whole period of the discharg
Catastrophes in nature and society: mathematical modeling of complex systems
Many people are concerned about crises leading to disasters in nature, in social and economic life. The book offers a popular account of the causative mechanisms of critical states and breakdown in a broad range of natural and cultural systems - which obey the same laws - and thus makes the reader aware of the origin of catastrophic events and the ways to avoid and mitigate their negative consequences. The authors apply a single mathematical approach to investigate the revolt of cancer cells that destroy living organisms and population outbreaks that upset natural ecosystems, the balance between biosphere and global climate interfered lately by industry, the driving mechanisms of market and related economic and social phenomena, as well as the electoral system the proper use of which is an arduous accomplishment of democracy
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Factors that impede the development of the Arctic are: 1) long frosts; 2) low quality of indoor air;
3) an unsanitary surroundings due to low activity of biota; 4) deficiency of fresh vitamin-containing
food; 5) high dependency of settlements on external supply. The concept of the Arctic Ecological-
Energy Autonomous Dwelling (AEEAD) designed to solve the problems is grounded on: 1) the
optimal configuration of housing and heat savings; 2) closure of the flows of substances; 3) the use of
autonomous energy sources.
To ensure energy savings and maintain a high quality of life air revitalization is required. Air
revitalization is provided by household greenhouses, which perform additional functions β heating
the living quarters, lighting it, moistening the winter overdried air, growing food, decorating house
interior, providing psychological support. New technologies for growing a variety of plants and
organic wastes decomposition are discussed.
Energetic autonomy is provided by means coupling wind generator with high-heat accumulators based
on cheap solid heat-storage materials coupled, in its turn, with Stirling engine/electrical generator
unit. Due to βmacro-compositeβ structure of heat exchanger it can be achieved: almost zero heat loss
in the absence of thermal insulation; a significant stabilization of the temperature at the output of the
thermal battery, over the whole period of the dischargeΠ€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ: 1) Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Ρ; 2) Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ; 3) Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ; 4) Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ; 5) Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡ (AΠΠΠΠ), ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°:
1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°; 2) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²; 3) ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ β Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠ·-Π·Π°
Β«ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°
Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ
Factors that impede the development of the Arctic are: 1) long frosts; 2) low quality of indoor air;
3) an unsanitary surroundings due to low activity of biota; 4) deficiency of fresh vitamin-containing
food; 5) high dependency of settlements on external supply. The concept of the Arctic Ecological-
Energy Autonomous Dwelling (AEEAD) designed to solve the problems is grounded on: 1) the
optimal configuration of housing and heat savings; 2) closure of the flows of substances; 3) the use of
autonomous energy sources.
To ensure energy savings and maintain a high quality of life air revitalization is required. Air
revitalization is provided by household greenhouses, which perform additional functions β heating
the living quarters, lighting it, moistening the winter overdried air, growing food, decorating house
interior, providing psychological support. New technologies for growing a variety of plants and
organic wastes decomposition are discussed.
Energetic autonomy is provided by means coupling wind generator with high-heat accumulators based
on cheap solid heat-storage materials coupled, in its turn, with Stirling engine/electrical generator
unit. Due to βmacro-compositeβ structure of heat exchanger it can be achieved: almost zero heat loss
in the absence of thermal insulation; a significant stabilization of the temperature at the output of the
thermal battery, over the whole period of the dischargeΠ€Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ: 1) Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Ρ; 2) Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ; 3) Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡ; 4) Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΆΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ; 5) Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡ ΠΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΡ (AΠΠΠΠ), ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π°:
1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π°; 2) ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ²
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²; 3) ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.
ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. Π Π΅Π²ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π° ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ
Π±ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ β Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
, ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡΡ Π·ΠΈΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΈΡΡ, ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΡ.
ΠΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ².
ΠΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Ρ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π‘ΡΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π°. ΠΠ·-Π·Π°
Β«ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉΒ» ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π½ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½ΡΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°
Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ