Soil Microbial Functional Diversity under the Single-Season Influence of Traditional Forest Management in a Sessile Oak Forest of Central Europe

This one-year study focuses on the responses of a soil environment to the implementation of traditional forest management practices in oak-hornbeam stands with the following treatments: cut (C), cut + litter raking (CR), cut + grazing (CG), cut + litter raking + grazing (CRG) and control (Ctrl). The cut was conducted in 2018 through extremely heavy thinning. In autumn of 2017 and 2018, we sampled the soils, focusing on microbial functional diversity (FD) assessments using BIOLOG EcoplateTM. After one season, the FD was the highest in the Ctrl stand and the lowest in the CRG stand. Furthermore, we detected significant seasonal differences in soil reaction, nitrate nitrogen content, phosphatase activity and microbial biomass among the treatments. In particular, the Ctrl stand was defined via FD indices and biochemical and biological soil properties that contrasted mainly with those of the CRG stand defined by the content of mineral nitrogen forms. The soil properties did not differ substantially in the remaining treatments. Of the 31 carbon sources defining FD, 6 were treatment-specific (putrescine, L-arginine, L-serine, L-threonine, D-cellobiose and glycogen), while the remaining carbon sources mainly displayed either uniform high or low activity across the treatments.O

Forest Soil Water in Landscape Context

Forests play an irreplaceable role in linking the water cycle with the functions of soil. Soil water not only enhances the stability of forests, but also its run-off and evaporation affects the growth of plants in different ecosystems. The forest soil water balance is contextualized within the immediate and more global landscapes, in terms of relations of water to the soil environment and bedrock, participation in the local water cycle within a catchment basin and in the global cycle between ecosystems. Modifications by human civilization can have significant impacts, including erosion intensification, eutrophication, salinization, spreading of single-species plantations, and regime shifts. Forests regulate the movement of water in the soil environment by reducing the intensity of run-off. Such moderated run-off prevents the occurrence of flash floods, maintaining continuous availability of water for plant and human use. Participation of soil water in the cycling of elements in forests is modified by soil organic matter balance. The preservation of hydric functions in forest soils depends on prioritization of water balance restoration in every catchment basin enclosing the local element cycle. More fundamentally, the development of a synergistically interlinked system, centered around the soil-forest-water-civilization nexus, must become an urgent priority

Interakce mezi vybranými fyzikálními a chemickými půdními vlastnostmi v krajinném měřítku: detailní studie lokality Rudice na základě cíleného postižení prostorové heterogenity půdy v krajině

In this bachelor thesis are assessed specified interacting physical and chemical soil properties of two main ecosystems (forest ecosystem, permanent grassland ecosystem) and their ecotone. Specifically, the detected soil properties, was determined by active soil reaction, soil reaction potential exchangeable, oxidizable carbon, total nitrogen, maximum capillary water capacity and minimum air capacity. For researches were chosen heterogeneous research area Rudice at TFE Křtiny Ml, the region of the Drahanska highland. In the work was used data obtained from spring 2016 (April), which has been then compared with data from autumn 2016 (October) and subsequently with each other, from physico-chemical point of view. Has been found that between some soil properties there was a change of values in two sampling dates and has been proved some certain correlation relationships between specified soil properties in permanent grassland ecosystem

Vodní režim krajinného segmentu lesního porostu v podmínkách pařezinového hospodaření

This diploma thesis deals with the water regime of soils of the forest landscape segment. The object of the research was the permanent study plot Ušákov with low forest (simple coppice) and high forest (abandoned simple coppices) at the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Krtiny, Bilovice forest district. The main aim of the thesis is to evaluate the dynamics of the soil water regime during the hydrological year 2018 in this landscape segment in relation to the thinning (basal area of each polycormon was reduced to 50%) and 30% reduction of throughfall precipitation in coppice stand and also in relation to the different forest management. The results show that in the thinned coppice stands is soil moisture higher during the whole investigated season, while in the coppice stands with reduced throughfall is lower, the effect of the different forest management on the soil moisture was not conclusively proved. Another task of this thesis is also to introduce the basic outline of the methodology of how to evaluate continually and ambulatory acquired soil water regime data from any landscape segment. Based on this method, individual humidity values of the studied soils were analyzed

Changes in soil properties due to land reclamation and climate change in South Moravian floodplain forest

Land use changes together with riverbed regulations to avoid the annual floods affect the ecosystem of floodplain forests. Later subsequent revitalization measures, transboundary controlled river management, wetland restoration, and integrated planning were realized to reduce the negative effect of groundwater dropping and other environmental problems. This study aimed to follow the dynamic of groundwater level, soil properties and forest vitality as affected by climate change. The continuous dataset (2019-2022) of soil physical and hydrophysical parameters and tree radial growth parameters were obtained. Groundwater level was evaluated by z-score and the means, and standard deviation values were considered. The monthly assessment of soil and climatic conditions showed that the uneven distribution of rainfall and the increase in temperatures have significantly affected the soil hydrological regime and forest growth. Continual monitoring is necessary to prepare projection models, which can help better understand both the soil and tree growth parameters in the changing environment

Effect of Norway Spruce Forest Dieback on Soil Water Balance: The Examples from Upland Areas of the Czech Republic

This study focuses on the description of soil water balance under three different spruce monoculture conditions, nemaly living forest, disturbed forest with dead trees and after forest clear-cutting. Analysis was based on sampling instantaneous moisture in surface soil layers in a non-rainfall period and soil water content measurements from the last-half of 2021. We investigated both column daily soil moisture and its vertical distribution in invidual soil layers. Highest soil moisture was observed in the disturbed forest, the other sites generally having comparatively lower soil moisture, probably due to higher evapotranspiration and different soil properties.Published Versio