Marriage in Russia: a reconstruction

The micro census 1994 of the Russian Federation collected detailed marital histories for al respondents. This information made it possible to construct multistate marital tables for both male and female cohorts born since 1910 for the first time. Continuity and change in marital patterns over a most turbulent of Russian history could be analyzed. Divorce rose monotonically from a quite low level for the cohort of 1910 to the high incidence that is characteristic for modern Russia. The typical Eastern European marriage pattern of early and almost universal marriage was remarkably stable. The major crisis, the Second World War, led to a postponement of marriage, but even in the female cohorts confronted with an extreme unbalanced marriage market the proportion never married was remarkably low.divorce, historical demography, marriage, multistate models, nuptiality, Russia, widowhood

Period Fertility in Russia since 1930

In this paper we present a detailed demographic analysis of the change of period fertility that occurred since 1930, based on individual retrospective data, collected in the most recent (five percent) microcensus of the Russian Federation from 1994. We assess the influence of external events on the level and distribution of (period) fertility. For the years prior to 1950 our information on age specific fertility is not complete, but using fertility models acceptable estimates can be constructed. The Coale-Trussell model is particularly suited for producing detailed and robust estimates of interpretable parameters of the fertility distribution. Although none of the observed crises in Russia succeeded in exerting a decisive influence on the course of the fertility transition, political events often had profound short-term effects.fertility, fertility models, historical demography, period fertility, Russia

Career adaptability, turnover and loyalty during organizational downsizing

During organizational restructuring and downsizing, employees often worry about being redundant, actually are redundant, and/or feel unsatisfied with their jobs. Employees, in turn, often react with poor loyalty to and high voluntary exit from the organization. The current study addresses this process from a careers´ perspective, showing that career adaptability in the form of employees´ career exploration and planning can account for at least some of these relationships. Redundancy fostered employees´ career adaptive behaviors while job insecurity inhibited their career planning. Career planning, in turn, positively predicted employees´ loyalty to the organization five months later while career exploration negatively predicted employees´ loyalty, and positively predicted employees´ exit reactions in the form of turnover intentions, job-search behaviors, and actual turnover. Implications and directions for future research are discussed

Met expectations and supplies-values fit of Dutch young adults as determinants of work outcomes

Many studies have shown that work outcomes, such as job satisfaction and turnover intentions, are affected by met expectations and the fit between the work values of an employee and the supplies offered by the organization. However, research that investigates their simultaneous effects on work outcomes is absent in the literature. This study examined the concurrent effects of met expectations and supplies-values (S-V) fit of Dutch young adults on job satisfaction and intention to leave. It was hypothesized that met expectations as an outcome of a cognitive evaluation process would explain variance in affective work outcomes beyond and above that predicted by measures of S-V fit and main effects of job supplies and work values. Results supported this hypothesis. Theoretical and practical implications of these results directions for future research are discussed. © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group Ltd

Adolescents’ and Parents’ Regulatory Focus as Determinants of Future Time Perspective on School and Professional Career

Future time perspective (FTP) - individuals' orientation towards future goals and consideration of future consequences - is a successful motivator in education and work. This study is the first that integrates Regulatory focus (RF) theory with FTP theory to explore relationships between adolescents' RF, their perceptions of parents' RF, and their FTP on school and professional career. A total of N = 347 adolescents participated in the study. Structural equation analyses showed that adolescents' promotion RF was positively related to FTP on school and professional career, whereas adolescents' prevention RF was negatively related to their FTP. Adolescents' perceptions of parent regulatory foci were related to their own regulatory foci. Specifically, when adolescents perceived that their parents stimulate them to take on challenges, they were more promotion focused and contemplated more strongly on their future school and career. Implications for FTP and RF theory, and child development and education are discussed

If you want a job, don’t just search hard, search systematically: A field study with career starters

After finishing school, career starters face the challenge of finding a job. Job search is a difficult process because there is no clear pathway to obtaining employment. We identify job search systematicity, in addition to job search intensity, as an important dimension of job search behaviour that may predict the likelihood of obtaining a job. Job search systematicity is defined as the extent to which people have an adaptable and persistent rather than a volatile and fortuitous approach towards job seeking. We explored whether job search systematicity relates to increased chances of obtaining employment and explored potential antecedents of job search systematicity (i.e., job search clarity, employment commitment, anticipated financial need, and affect). The results of our field study among 217 job seeking career starters using a five-wave correlational design show that job search systematicity positively relates to job attainment, controlling for job search intensity. Moreover, job search clarity, employment commitment, and activating affect (both positive and negative) were positively associated with job search systematicity. These findings extend theory by broadening the conceptualization of job search, and inform job seeking career starters and employment and career counsellors about how to approach the job search process.</p