Hypersatellite and satellite transitions in xenon atoms

Decay of double-K-shell-vacancy states in xenon atoms, created in the decay of 131Cs, was investigated. The measurements were performed with a pair of germanium detectors, a fast-slow coincidence system, and a three-parameter pulse-height analyzer. In the analysis of the two-dimensional E1-E2 spectrum, improved least-squares routines were applied

Model za predikciju broja prsnuća tračnica

Broken rails can cause train delays, trains cancelations and, unfortunately, they are common causes of accidents. This affects planning of a resources, budget and organization of railway track maintenance. Planning of railway track maintenance cannot be done without an estimation of number of rails that will be replaced due to the broken rail incidents. There are many factors that influence broken rails and the most common are: rail age, annual gross tonnage, degree of curve and temperature in the time of breakage. The fuzzy logic model uses acquired data as input variables to predict the frequency of broken rails for the certain rail types on some Sections.Prsnuća tračnica mogu prouzrokovati kašnjenje vlakova i jedan su od najčešćih uzroka izvanrednih događaja. Zbog toga utiču i na planiranje resursa, budžeta i održavanja željezničkih pruga. Planiranje održavanja pruga ne može se uraditi bez procjene broja tračnica koje će se zamijeniti zbog prsnuća. Postoji mnogo faktora koji utiču na prsnuće tračnica, a najčešći su: strarost tračnica, godišnje bruto tone, radijus krivine i temperatura u vrijeme prsnuća. Model fuzzy logike koristi prikupljene podatke kao ulazne promjenljive da bi proračunao broj prsnuća tračnica za određeni tip tračnice na nekim sekcijama pruga

Fuzzy model for predicting the number of deformed wheels

Deformation of the wheels damage cars and rails and affect on vehicle stability and safety. Repair and replacement cause high costs and lack of wagons. Planning of maintenance of wagons can not be done without estimates of the number of wheels that will be replaced due to wear and deformation in a given period of time. There are many influencing factors, the most important are: weather conditions, quality of materials, operating conditions, and distance between the two replacements. The fuzzy logic model uses the collected data as input variables to predict the output variable - number of deformed wheels for a certain type of vehicle in the defined period at a particular section of the railway

Necessity and effects of dynamic systems for railway wheel defect detection

State of railway vehicles highly influences transport safety due to vehicle derailments and in the same time worsens the quality of freight and passenger transportation. One of important elements that influence the state of railway vehicles is the wheel state. Wheel defects are common in railway transport. Therefore, timely defect detection is very important. This paper presents ways and effects of timely detection of wheel defects

Potreba i efekti dinamičkih sustava za detekciju defekata točkova željezničkih vozila

State of railway vehicles highly influences transport safety due to vehicle derailments and in the same time worsens the quality of freight and passenger transportation. One of important elements that influence the state of railway vehicles is the wheel state. Wheel defects are common in railway transport. Therefore, timely defect detection is very important. This paper presents ways and effects of timely detection of wheel defects.Stanje željezničkih vozila bitno utječe na sigurnost prometa zbog rizika iskliznuća i istovremeno smanjuje kvalitet prevoza robe i putnika. Jedan od bitnijih čimbenika koji utječu na stanje željezničkih vozila jeste stanje točkova. Defekti točkova su česta pojava u željezničkom prometu. Iz tog razloga, veoma bitno je pravovremeno otkrivanje defekata. U ovom radu su prezentirani načini i učinci pravovremenog detektiranja defekata točkova

Mycopopulations and ochratoxin A: Potential contaminants of Petrovská klobása

Petrovská klobása is traditionally produced dry fermented sausage from the area of Bački Petrovac (Vojvodina Province, Serbia) that has been protected with designation of origin (PDO) according to Serbian legislation. Contamination of this kind of sausage casings by different mould species often occur during the production process, mainly during the ripening and storage. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify moulds that contaminate ingredients used for Petrovská klobása production and its casings during different phases of ripening and storage. Sampling was done during the production process and after 2, 6, 9, 11, 14, 34, 65, 90, 120, 217 and 270 days. Total mould counts in components ranged from 1.60 (mechanically mixed filling) to 4.14 (red hot paprika powder) log10 CFU/g, while the number of moulds isolated from sausage casing surfaces ranged from 0.01 (C3 sausage, 217th day) to 1.60 (C1 sausage, 270th day) log10 CFU/cm2. After total mould counts were determined, isolates were identified and classified in five genera for components (Penicillium - 7 species; Fusarium - 2 species; Aspergillus - 1 species; Alternaria - 1 species; Verticilium - 1 species) and 3 genera for casings surfaces (Penicllium - 3 species; Aspergillus - 1 species; Eurotium - 1 species). It was appointed that 83.33% of isolated species are potential producers of toxic metabolites. The analyses of ingredients and sausages on the presence of ochratoxin A, following the ELISA method, gave the negative results

Model za predikciju broja prsnuća tračnica

Broken rails can cause train delays, trains cancelations and, unfortunately, they are common causes of accidents. This affects planning of a resources, budget and organization of railway track maintenance. Planning of railway track maintenance cannot be done without an estimation of number of rails that will be replaced due to the broken rail incidents. There are many factors that influence broken rails and the most common are: rail age, annual gross tonnage, degree of curve and temperature in the time of breakage. The fuzzy logic model uses acquired data as input variables to predict the frequency of broken rails for the certain rail types on some Sections.Prsnuća tračnica mogu prouzrokovati kašnjenje vlakova i jedan su od najčešćih uzroka izvanrednih događaja. Zbog toga utiču i na planiranje resursa, budžeta i održavanja željezničkih pruga. Planiranje održavanja pruga ne može se uraditi bez procjene broja tračnica koje će se zamijeniti zbog prsnuća. Postoji mnogo faktora koji utiču na prsnuće tračnica, a najčešći su: strarost tračnica, godišnje bruto tone, radijus krivine i temperatura u vrijeme prsnuća. Model fuzzy logike koristi prikupljene podatke kao ulazne promjenljive da bi proračunao broj prsnuća tračnica za određeni tip tračnice na nekim sekcijama pruga

Replacing added nitrite by Kitaibelia vitifolia extract in dry fermented Sremska sausage

The effect of replacement of nitrite by the ethanol extract of Kitaibelia vitifolia on the microbiological safety and oxidative stability of dry fermented Sremska sausages (SS) was investigated. Spices and nitrite salt were added to the control group - batch (B I). Modified nitrite-free formulations of SS were produced with the addition of two different amounts of plant extracts (360 mL per 20 kg of fillings in B II and 600 mL per 20 kg of fillings in B III). The larger addition of the herb extract revealed strong antimicrobial activity, when Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations were determined for 8 microbial strains by microdilution method. The results revealed the highest susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity showed the strongest antioxidant activity in non-vacuumed and vacuumed SS samples obtained from B III, enriched with the larger amount of the herb extract

Trophic chain Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

This paper tries to reproduce two types of trophic chains on the example of an aquatic ecosystem model, with the participation of planktonic and benthic organisms: "yersinia - infusoria - daphnia - fish" and "yersinia - insect larvae - fish". The concentration of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis during primary infection (infusoria culture medium) was 109/ml. In the first hours after infection, the concentration of bacteria in the infusoria decreased (105cfu/mass ). In daphnia, which consumed infected infusoria, the concentration of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis decreases in the first 3-5 days (from 105 to 103 cfu/10 individuals), then the reproduction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in daphnia continues, and on the 11th day it reaches 107 cfu/10 individuals. The concentration of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in the intestines of fish fed infected daphnia (107cfu/10 individuals) is continuously decreasing: 105 cfu (after 24 hours) and 102-101 cfu/individuals (after 15-30 days)

Vorschlag und Anwendung der Methode Revitalisierung regionale Bahnstrecke in der Slowakei und Serbien. Teil 2: Situation des Regionalverkehrs in der Slowakei und Serbien und Anwendungsmöglichkeit revitalisierung Methode

This paper discusses a proposal of methodology of revitalisation of regional railway tracks and regional railway traffic, liberalization and competition in railway transport, quality requirements in regional traffic, principles of the contract on transport services in the public interest and with the current state of regional passenger transport in Slovakia and Serbia. This is Part 2 which is dedicated to study the current situation of regional railway transport in Slovakia and Serbia, the investment plans, the potential changes on the railway transport market and the quality of transport service provided in these countries.Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit Vorschlag der Methodik der Wiederbelebung der regionalen Eisenbahnlinien und regionalen Bahnverkehr, Liberalisierung und Wettbewerb im Eisenbahnverkehr, Qualitätsanforderungen im Regionalverkehr, Grundsätze des Vertrags auf Verkehrsleistungen im öffentlichen Interesse und mit dem Stand der regionalen Personenverkehr in der Slowakei und Serbien. Zweiter Teil der Arbeit beschäftigt sich die Situation der regionalen Eisenbahnverkehr und Änderung auf dem Eisenbahnverkehrsmarkt in der Slowakei und Serbien und mit der Möglichkeit der Anwendung der Methodik und Revitalisierung dieser Staaten