Single-Layer versus Double-Layer Laparoscopic Intracorporeally Sutured Gastrointestinal Anastomoses in the Canine Model

This study shows that the 1-layer gastrointestinal suture technique is feasible, safe and has fewer complications compared with a 2-layer suture technique

Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux using calcium hydroxyl apatite in dogs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Injection of biomaterial to suburetral region, using minimally invasive procedure, has become an interesting topic for urologists to treat vesicoureteral reflux. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of injecting newly introduced calcium hydroxyl apatite to suburetral region, for treating an experimentally induced vesicoureteral reflux in dogs.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>Bilateral vesicoureteral refluxed (VUR) mixed breed dogs (n = 12; 10-15 kg live weight, 3-6 months of age) were selected for this study. The presence and grade of the reflux were determined using cystography. Accordingly, 6 dogs displayed grade 1 & 2 and the other 6 showed grade 3 & 4 bilateral VUR. Every single dog, with bilateral VUR, underwent endoscopic treatment and received an injection of calcium hydroxyl apatite (an Iranian made product) into the left (treated side) and an injection of the similar volume of normal saline in to the right (control side) subureteric space. One week, 3 and 6 months after treatment, cystography was performed. On each occasion, 4 dogs were euthanized by gas inhalation and biopsy samples were collected for histopathological study from ureter, bladder, kidney, lung and spleen in order to investigate the biomaterial migration into different organs. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared test. In control sides, radiographs confirmed the same grade of VUR, found at the initiation of the study. VUR was resolved in 100% (6/6) of Grade 1 & 2 and 83.33% (5/6) of Grade 3 & 4 in treated side. Therefore, the total success rate of this study was 91.67% (11/12). Macroscopic examination of the vesicouretral region of the treated side revealed a firm and consistent biomaterial mass at the site of injection. Histological findings confirmed inflammation at treated side. In contrast, there was no tissue reaction on control side. There was no evidence for biomaterial migration in macroscopic and microscopic observations in this study.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In the present study, a new biocompatible material produced a firm, consist and sustainable biomaterial mass in the suburetral region for treating vesicouretral reflux without any evidence of biomaterial migration.</p

Value of color Doppler ultrasonography and radiography for the assessment of the cancellous bone scaffold coated with nano-hydroxyapatite in repair of radial bone in rabbit Valor da ultrassonografia Doppler em cores e da radiografia na avaliação da capacidade osteo-regenerativa da nano-hidroxiapatita no reparo de osso radial em coelho

PURPOSE: To evaluate the osteo-regenerative capacity of proprietary bone grafting material as a bone defect filler and osteogenetic stimulation to speed up bone healing too. METHODS: Eighteen adult male New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized and a segmental full thickness bone defect of 10 mm in length was created in the middle of the right radial shaft in all rabbits. They were divided into two groups of 9 rabbits. Group I was considered as control and the fractured site was fixed using finger bone plate with 4 screws, whereas the cancellous bone scaffold coated with Nano-Hydroxyapatite was used to fill the gap after fracture fixation in Group II. Radiography, two dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography were done before and after creating defects and on 0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days to evaluate local reaction as far as new blood vessels network and callus formation are observed. RESULTS: On the radiographs during the whole process, bone repair in Group I was not as perfect as those in Group II samples and trace of internal callus filled the gap incompletely in 60 days in Group I, whereas in Group II internal callus almost was formed on 30 days and in addition intercortical callus was seen supporting to cover and filled the gap completely in this group in 60 day; Sonographic findings confirmed the protrusion of newly formed blood vascular network in 30 days in Group I and from 15 days in Group II and remarkably increased till end of observation period. CONCLUSIONS: The nano-hydroxyapatite with more features and shorter in time, made possible the reconstruction of bone tissue and alternative techniques as well as previous bone graft, also radiography and ultrasonography are reliable techniques to trace local reaction at proper time.<br>OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade osteo-regenerativa de biomaterial no preenchimento de defeito ósseo e como estímulo osteogênico para acelerar a cicatrização óssea. ÉTODOS: Dezoito coelhos brancos, Nova Zelandia, adultos, machos foram anestesiados e um defeito ósseo segmentar de toda a espessura e 10 mm de comprimento foi criado no meio do eixo do osso radial direito de todos os coelhos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos de nove: Grupo I foi considerado como controle e o local da fratura foi fixado usando placa de dedo de osso com quatro parafusos, enquanto o molde de osso esponjoso revestido com nano-hidroxiapatita foi usado para preencher o espaço após fixação da fratura no Grupo II. Radiografia, bidimensional e ultrassonografia Doppler colorida foi feita antes e após criar os defeitos e nos dias 0, 15, 30, 60 e 90 para avaliar a reação local tais como nova rede vascular e formação do calo ósseo. RESULTADOS: Nas radiografias durante todo o processo, o reparo ósseo no Grupo I não foi perfeito como no Grupo II; amostras e traços de calo ósseo preencheram o espaço de forma incompleta em 60 dias no Grupo I, enquanto no Grupo II o calo ósseo interno foi quase formado em 30 dias e, além disso, calo intercortical foi visto apoiar para revestir e preencher o espaço completamente em 60 dias; nos achados ultrassonográficos a protrusão da rede vascular neoformada em 30 dias no Grupo I e a partir de 15 dias no Grupo II e acentuado aumento até o fim do período de observação. CONCLUSÕES: A nano-hidroxiapatita, com mais propriedade e menor período de tempo, tornou possível a reconstrução de tecido ósseo e técnicas alternativas como o enxerto ósseo prévio, assim como a radiografia e a ultrassonografia são técnicas confiáveis para traçar a reação local em tempo adequado

Ultrasonographic Thicknesses of Ruminal and Abdominal Wall in High Yielding Holstein Dairy Cows

Abstract: Ultrasonography has been used as a non invasive method for examination of gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Rumen status and rumen health are importance in high producing dairy herds. In this study the normal values of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness in mid lactation cows were measured and abnormal cases were evaluated with ultrasonography. On ultrasonogram, ruminal wall in all of the cases were constituted by two layers but in some cases such as fluid accumulation or ascite were imaged as three layers. The mean ± standard deviation of abdominal and ruminal wall thickness (two layers) were 17.31 ± 3.08 and 8.01 ± 1.36 milimeters respectively. So, ultrasonographic investigation of left abdomen and their values of the thicknesses could be a part of rumen health evaluation in dairy herds but more researchs should be done for this matter in high producing dairy herds