Person and Personality in Cyber Space: A Legal Analysis of Virtual Identity

The day by day expansion of the Internet in all of human’s life put him or her between two worlds: real and virtual. The lifestyle of individuals has changed drastically in the challenge of these two worlds. Domination of virtual environments in all aspects of human personality, especially on the Identity, is clearly observable. The emergence of a virtual identity in cyberspace; beside the real identity of people is one of the challenges of the virtual environment of the Internet. The rise of some novel challenges about the question of identity in cyberspace may need appearing law on the issue of virtual identity. Freedom of identity, anonymity, irresponsibility, authenticity and identification in cyberspace are some of the legal issues, considered as challenges of virtual identity. Rule of cyberspace and protect the rights of cyber society, citizens (Netizens) are on the shoulder of law which makes constructing a legal framework as an irresistible matter of the future of the virtual society. For this, a correct understanding of the virtual environment and its related legal issues is needed. Virtual identity as a new topic may need a new legal approach and analysis

Correlated conformation and charge transport in multiwall carbon nanotube - conducting polymer nanocomposites

The strikingly different charge transport behaviors in nanocomposites of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and conducting polymer polyethylene dioxythiophene - polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT-PSS) at low temperatures are explained by probing their conformational properties using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The SAXS studies indicate assembly of elongated PEDOT-PSS globules on the walls of nanotubes, coating them partially thereby limiting the interaction between the nanotubes in the polymer matrix. This results in a charge transport governed mainly by small polarons in the conducting polymer despite the presence of metallic MWNTs. At T > 4 K, hopping of the charge carriers following 1D-VRH is evident which also gives rise to a positive magnetoresistance (MR) with an enhanced localization length (~ 5 nm) due to the presence of MWNTs. However, at T < 4 K, the observation of an unconventional positive temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) is attributed to small polaron tunnelling. The exceptionally large negative MR observed in this temperature regime is conjectured to be due to the presence of quasi-1D MWNTs that can aid in lowering the tunnelling barrier across the nanotube - polymer boundary resulting in large delocalization.Comment: Accepted J. Phys.: Condens. Matte

Groundwater pollution sources apportionment in the ghaen plain, Iran

Although Iran’s Ghaen Plain provides saffron to much of the world, no regional groundwater quality (GQ) assessment has yet been undertaken. Given the region’s potential for saltwater intrusion and heavy metal contamination, it is important to assess the GQ and determine its main probable source of pollution (MPSP). Such knowledge would allow for informed mitigation or elimination of the potential adverse health effects of this groundwater through its use as drinking water, or indirectly as a result of the consumption of groundwater-irrigated crops. Total dissolved solids, sodium, and chloride in the water of the majority of 16 wells sampled within the region exceeded World Health Organization and Iranian permissible standards for drinking water. The groundwater proved to only be suitable for irrigating salt tolerant crops under good drainage conditions. Due to the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the water supply facilities, the water from all wells was deemed unsuitable for industrial purposes. Heavy metal pollution and contamination indices showed no groundwater contamination. Analysis of ionic ratios and the application of principal components analysis indicated the MPSP to be saltwater intrusion, with the geology subtending the plain, and to a lesser extent, anthropogenic activities. Reducing groundwater withdrawals, particularly those for agricultural production by using high performance irrigation methods could reduce saltwater intrusion and improve GQ in the Ghaen Plain

Abatement of trichloroethylene using DBD plasma

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma was used to oxidize trichloroethylene (TCE) in 21% of O2 in carriers of N2 and He. The degradation products of TCE were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. TCE was decomposed completely at optimum energy density of 260 and 300 J/l for He and N2, respectively and its conversion followed zero order reaction. The TCE removal efficiency is decreased in humid air due to interception of reactive intermediates by OH radicals

H2O/air plasma-functionalized carbon nanotubes decorated with MnO2 for glucose sensing

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized using dielectric barrier discharge plasma in water vapor-saturated air at 70 °C. MnO2 was deposited on the MWCNTs by chronoamperometry, followed by glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization, and the resulting GOx/MnO2/MWCNTs electrode was used for electrochemical detection of glucose. Structural, morphological, and elemental microanalysis was performed. Plasma-induced oxygen-based functional groups were confirmed on the MWCNT surfaces and improved their dispersion in aqueous solutions. The maximum amount of these groups was created at the optimum exposure time of 4 min. The GOx immobilized on the MnO2/MWCNTs hybrid showed a well-defined, reversible and surface-controlled redox wave around −0.45 V and a peak to peak separation of 0.04 V. The coefficient and rate constant for electron transfer of GOx were calculated as 0.41 and 1.08 s−1, respectively. The GOx/MnO2/MWCNT-modified electrode exhibited a linear behavior in the range of 0.1–3.2 mM glucose concentration with the competitive detection limit of 3.0 μM and a sensitivity of 24.2 μA mM−1 cm−2. This highly-stable glucose sensing electrode retained more than 76% of its initial faradic current value after 71 days. These results are relevant to the development of next-generation glucose sensors for diverse health- and food-related applications