Monopoly power of the medical school market and high incomes of U.S. physicians

We expect the incomes of physicians to remain high in the next decades. Using the latest published physician income data (2015) we calculated the weighted median income of U.S. physicians and the net present value (NPV) of an investment in physician education. We estimated the NPV assuming that the physicians training began in 2007 and their practice would commence in 2015. We estimated the NPV of the lifetime earnings of a physician based on the median income of all physicians in the sample to be between $7.1 and$7.3 million. This finding of high NPV’s is consistent with almost all earlier studies of this kind. Physicians continue to experience relatively high incomes and very slow increases in the number of new graduates. We expect an excess demand for positions in medical colleges to continue. Our findings with respect to the incomes of non-primary physicians (surgeons, radiologist and cardiologists), indicate will continue to be much higher than those of primary physicians. There are strong evidence suggesting this is because of blockages in physician residency openings in these non-primary fields of medicine.peer-reviewe

Gis Based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for the Streamlining of the Italian Network of Minor Airports

Alongside the general growth of air traffic in Primary-level airports of each country, since the 1990s the popularity of “individual” (private), General Aviation, non-scheduled “point to point” flights all over the world and in Italy increased. They have proved to be a valid alternative to rail and road transport for short-medium-distance journeys (for different classes of business and tourist passengers). Taking into consideration the national and international airport system development scenarios, the paper illustrates the results of in- depth analyses carried out aiming to build up a full integrated GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis evaluation methodology. This is geared towards formulating strategies for the development and streamlining of the 51 existing Italian minor airport network and for the identification of the right locations for new hubs that could be required for the construction of an efficient second-level air transport network (the “Highway in the Sky”). The methodology is implemented according to different evaluation levels that verify: the suitability of air- port services and infrastructure (status quo) and the attractiveness of airport hubs given the territorial facilities found in their catchment areas