Mesenchymale stromale stamceltherapie voor emfyseem:Een kijkje in de toekomst

Verlies van longblaasjes bij longemfyseem is onherstelbaar. Regeneratie door stamcellen wordt als een veelbelovende toekomstige behandeling gezien voor patiënten met emfyseem. Een kenmerk van stamcellen is hun vermogen tot proliferatie en differentiatie; mesenchymale stromale stamcellen kunnen echter ook ontsteking remmen en reparatie bevorderen in hun directe omgeving. De extracellulaire matrix biedt daarbij niet alleen ruimtelijke structuur aan, maar bepaalt ook hoe mesenchymale stromale stamcellen zich gedragen en ontwikkelen. Toediening van mesenchymale stromale stamcellen aan diermodellen met emfyseem liet tekenen van weefselherstel zien, maar fundamentele vragen over de optimale dosering, herkomst, en toedieningsroute zijn tot nu toe helaas onvoldoende beantwoord. Ook het werkingsmechanisme is onduidelijk. Het fabriceren (bio-engeneering) van nieuwe longen is bij ratten gelukt door uitgenomen longen te ontdoen van cellen (decellulariseren), en de overblijvende eiwitvezelstructuur met eigen stamcellen te recellulariseren. Toediening van stamcellen aan patiënten met longemfyseem werd tot nu toe nauwelijks onderzocht. Intraveneuze toediening in kleine ‘safety studies’ bleek veilig maar klinisch niet effectief. (NED TIJDSCHR ALLERGIE & ASTMA 2017;17:12-1

Tolerance to exercise in high-altitude in organ transplant recipients

Op het congres van de Britisch Transplant Society en de Nederlandse Transplantatie Vereniging dat gehouden werd in Bournemouth, Engeland is deze bijgevoegde poster gepresenteerd. De poster beschrijft het onderzoek naar de inspanningstolerantie van mensen na een orgaantransplantatie op grote hoogte, tijdens de beklimming van de Kilimanjaro

Chronic kidney disease after lung transplantation in a changing era

Lung transplant (LTx) physicians are responsible for highly complex post-LTx care, including monitoring of kidney function and responding to kidney function loss. Better survival of the LTx population and changing patient characteristics, including older age and increased comorbidity, result in growing numbers of LTx patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD after LTx is correlated with worse survival, decreased quality of life and high costs. Challenges lie in different aspects of post-LTx renal care. First, serum creatinine form the basis for estimating renal function, under the assumption that patients have stable muscle mass. Low or changes in muscle mass is frequent in the LTx population and may lead to misclassification of CKD. Second, standardizing post-LTx monitoring of kidney function and renal care might contribute to slow down CKD progression. Third, new treatment options for CKD risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, proteinuria and heart failure, have entered clinical practice. These new treatments have not been studied in LTx yet but are of interest for future use. In this review we will address the difficult aspects of post-LTx renal care and evaluate new and promising future approaches to slow down CKD progression.</p

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease pre-lung transplantation:A systematic review of the treatment regimens and duration pre- and post-transplant

Background: There is lack of consensus on non-tuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) treatment regimen and duration in patient listed for lung transplantation (LTx). We conducted a systematic review on treatment regimen and duration pre- and directly post-LTx, for patients with known NTM-PD pre-LTx. Additionally, we searched for risk factors for NTM disease development post-LTx and for mortality.Methods: Literature was reviewed on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library, for articles published from inception to January 2022. Individual patient data were sought.Results: Sixteen studies were included reporting 92 patients. Most frequent used agents were aminoglycosides and macrolides for Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) and macrolides and tuberculostatic agents for Mycobacterium avium complex (M. avium complex). The median treatment duration pre-LTx was 10 months (IQR 6–17) and 2 months (IQR 2–8) directly post-LTx. Longer treatment duration pre-LTx was observed in children and in patients with M. abscessus. 46% of the patients with NTM-PD pre-LTx developed NTM disease post-LTx, related mortality rate was 10%. Longer treatment duration pre-LTx (p &lt; 0.001) and sputum non-conversion pre-LTx (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with development of NTM-disease post-LTx. Longer treatment duration pre-LTx (p = 0.004), younger age (p &lt; 0.001) and sputum non-conversion (p = 0.044) were risk factors for NTM related death.Conclusions: The median treatment duration pre-LTx was 10 months (IQR 6–17) and 2 months (IQR 2–8) directly post-LTx. Patients with longer treatment duration for NTM-PD pre-LTx and with sputum non-conversion are at risk for NTM disease post-LTx and for NTM-related death. Children were particularly at risk for NTM related death