2 research outputs found
Alloying and Structure of Ultrathin Gallium Films on the (111) and (110) Surfaces of Palladium
Growth, thermal stability, and structure of ultrathin gallium films
on Pd(111) and Pd(110) are investigated by low-energy ion scattering
and low-energy electron diffraction. Common to both surface orientations
are growth of disordered Ga films at coverages of a few monolayers
(<i>T</i> = 150 K), onset of alloy formation at low temperatures
(<i>T</i> ≈ 200 K), and formation of a metastable,
mostly disordered 1:1 surface alloy at temperatures around 400–500
K. At higher temperatures a Ga surface fraction of ∼0.3 is
slightly stabilized on Pd(111), which we suggest to be related to
the formation of Pd<sub>2</sub>Ga bulk-like films. While on Pd(110)
only a Pd-up/Ga-down buckled surface was observed, an inversion of
buckling was observed on Pd(111) upon heating. Similarities and differences
to the related Zn/Pd system are discussed
Appendix B. A description of the genetic algorithm.
A description of the genetic algorithm