A study for evaluation of two protocols comprising of clomiphene citrate, human menopausal gonadotropin with or without follicle stimulating hormone for ovulation induction in patients with infertility for intrauterine insemination

Background: To compare two protocols comprising of FSH/CC/HMG and CC/HMG for ovulation induction and IUI in women with infertility.Methods: 60 women with unexplained infertility were randomized using sequentially numbered opaque envelope method. Group A received inj FSH 150 units on day 2 of menstrual cycle and clomiphene citrate 100 mg from day 3-7, followed by injection HMG 150 units on day 9 of menstrual cycle. Group B received clomiphene citrate 100 mg from day 3-7, and HMG 150 units on day 7 and 9 of the menstrual cycle.  Ovulation triggered with hCG 5000 units when dominant follicle was 18mm. Single IUI was done 36-42 hours afterwards.Results: Pregnancy occurred in 3 out of 30 women in 116 cycles Group A (with FSH) with a pregnancy rate of 10 percent, and 2.8% per cycle. In group B (without FSH) pregnancy occurred in 3 out of 30 women in 117 cycles with pregnancy rate of 10 percent, and 2.6% per cycle. The number of follicles per cycle was 1.36 and follicle size was 18.57 mm in group A. While in Group B numbers of follicles per cycle were 1.22, with average size of 18.9mm. Mean endometrial thickness was 7.7mm in Group A and 6.37 in Group B (p=.01, significant). Mild OHSS was observed in one woman in Group B. No other side effects were observed in both the groups.Conclusions: The controlled ovarian stimulation regimes used in this study are equally effective, easy to administer, require less intensive monitoring and fewer medications, with little risk of OHSS and multiple gestation

On the Stiffness and Damping Coefficients of Constant Flow Valve Compensated Conical Hydrostatic Journal Bearing with Micropolar Lubricant

AbstractA theoretical analysis for performance characteristics of a conical multirecess hydrostatic journal bearing compensated with constant flow valve has been carried out considering micropolar lubricant. The numerical solution of the modified Reynolds equation for the conical bearing has been done using finite element method with necessary boundary conditions. The performance characteristics have been presented for various values of the restrictor design parameter, load, micropolar parameters, semi-cone angle and aspect ratio (L/D ratio) of the bearing at zero speed. It has been observed that the bearing develops large stiffness and damping coefficients with increase in restrictor design parameter, micropolar effect and semi-cone angle

Morphometric study of acromion process in scapula of north Indian population

Background: In scapula, the acromion process projects forwards almost at right angle from the lateral end of spine. Morphometry of the acromion process is an important factor in contributing to impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint.Methods: The study was performed at Department of Anatomy, PGIMS Rohtak on 50 pairs of human scapula, out of which 30 were males and 20 were females. The various parameters like length, width, thickness, coraco-acromial distance, acromio-glenoid distance and types of acromion process were recorded using vernier calipers. These parameters were compared in both sexes on both the sides.Results: Type-II Acromion i.e. Curved type was found to be most predominant. Statistically significant difference was noted in all the five parameters between males and females except Acromio-glenoid distance on right side.Conclusions: Knowledge of the morphometric parameters of acromion process is important for Orthopaedicians, Anthropologists and Anatomists

A study on morphometry of coracoid process of scapula in north Indian population

Background: Coracoid process is a part of scapula and plays an important role in shoulder function. It arises from the antero-lateral aspect of the scapula. The aim of our study is to record the various morphometric parameters of the coracoid process.Methods: The study was performed on 50 pairs of human scapula of known sex in Department of Anatomy at PGIMS Rohtak. The parameters recorded were length, breadth, thickness, height and types of coraco-glenoid space by using vernier calipers. These parameters were compared in both sexes on both the sides.Results: Type I (round bracket) coraco-glenoid space was found to be predominant. Statistically significant difference was noted in all four parameters between males and females except in thickness on right side. Though all the four parameters have higher values on right side in comparison to left side but the difference was statistically insignificant.Conclusions: The study provides valuable information regarding the role of these parameters in etiology of subcoracoid impingement syndrome which will be helpful in its management to the surgeons

Effect of dietary nanosilver on gut proteases and general performance in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle on general performance and digestive proteases in zebra fish. Four experimental diets were designed with a concentration of 5, 20 and 40 parts per billion (ppb) nanoparticles in the diet (named S5, S20, and S40, respectively) and control group without any nanoparticles (S0). There was no significant difference was observed in FI and FCR between the dietary treatments. At the end of the experiment, S20 exhibited highest WG and SGR followed by S40 compared with other treatments while, there was no significant difference observed between S0 and S5. Similar trends were also observed in total protease enzyme activity. To evaluate the protease enzyme patterns on gut extract, substrate SDS-PAGE was performed and the inhibition of zymogram was studied. The results showed that there was no difference in banding patterns between S0 and S5 with EDTA treated samples whereas two extra bands of molecular weight (MW) 67 and 37 appeared in S20 and S40, were inhibited by EDTA indicating the presence of metalloprotease in those dietary regimes. There were no differences in the banding patterns of PMSF treated samples suggesting that the total serine protease remains unaffected by the dietary regimes. To conclude, we found 20 ppb inclusion of silver nanoparticle in fish diet improves general performance and induces metalloprotease activity in fish. Further detailed study is required before establishing dietary inclusion of silver nanoparticle for industrial purposes

Cellular and Molecular Impact of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles

Toxicity and biocompatibility of silver nanoparticles are of a major concern due to their extensive production regardless of their application in current industries. Information about toxicology or biocompatibility is crucial regarding their proper utilization and application in clinical as well as environmental aspect. This chapter describes in detail about the different techniques and technology of synthesis of silver nanoparticles and explains their different physiochemical properties in context of the current research scenario. Further, it also explains the biocompatibility and toxicity of silver nanoparticles at cellular and molecular aspects. The mechanism of their toxicity has been described keeping in view of the recent research done. In brief, it reveals detail knowledge of the cellular and molecular impact of silver nanoparticles

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SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SWISS ALBINO MICE AND AMELIORATION BY OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in Swiss albino mice and amelioration by Ocimum sanctum Linn.Methods: Mice were divided into six groups, Group I received tap water, Group II received low dose of NaF (8 mg/L), Group III high dose of NaF (80 mg/L) in drinking water, Group IV tap water along with 250 mg/kg body weight/day leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., Group V 8 mg/L NaF in drinking water and 250 mg/kg body weight leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., and Group VI 80 mg/L NaF in drinking water along with leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. On the 91st day, the animals were autopsied and liver tissue samples were taken to assess histopathological changes and oxidative stress by estimating glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Results: A highly significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred with the high dose (Group III). Hepatic histopathological architecture exhibited deformities, namely, ballooning, hypertrophy, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells, deformed central vein, sinusoidal dilation, and binucleated cells. Low-dose group (Group II) showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels as compared to control group, and histological sections of liver showed dilated sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear cells, ballooning, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Groups IV and V showed no pathological features. Group VI showed less damage to the liver as compared to Group III.Conclusion: The results revealed that the administration of leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. elicited protection against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. It may, therefore, be inferred that fluoride caused hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels can be ameliorated by O. sanctum Linn