A Study on Bandwidth-Aware Routing Protocol based on SIC

Wireless Sensor Networks has a greater advantage in today‘s communication application such as environmental, traffic, military, health monitoring. In such smart environments, people with smart devices (nodes) can freely self-organize and form self-configuring ad-hoc network to send and forward data packets to a destination over multiple hops via intermediate nodes. To achieve these applications it is necessary to have a reliable routing protocol. The main motivation of this paper is to review various routing schemes in ad-hoc network that have recently been proposed to enhance throughput when transmitting and receiving packets during active communication. The review also focuses on the design of SIC routing protocol aiming at achieving high overall throughput compared to that of the hop count routing. In addition, the performance evaluation metrics are also discussed

Occurrence and Transformation of Pharmaceutical and Antibacterial Compounds in the Environment

The presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the environment has become a matter of concern during the last decade. Increased production of PPCPs along with their increased use has led to release of these compounds in the environment via various routes. PPCPs includes large group of compounds including veterinary and human antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric drugs, β-blockers, X-ray contrasts, and steroid hormones, etc. Many of the compounds used in PPCPs have been shown to possess adverse effects to living organisms and act as endocrine disrupting agents (ECDs). This dissertation includes the investigation of the occurrence of antibiotic compounds added to personal care product and the transformation of hormones used in pharmaceuticals such as contraceptives. The results obtained in this study can provide information on the fate and transformation of the studied compounds once released in the environment. An analytical method employing sonication extraction and HPLC-ESI-MS detection was developed. The developed method was used to detect antibiotic compounds triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) in biosolids-applied soil and biosolids. Both TCS and TCC were detected at high concentrations in biosolids and at lower concentrations in biosolids-applied soil. TCS and TCC concentrations decreased in biosolids composts and in biosolids-applied soil collected at deeper depths. The developed method was able to provide efficient detection limits and reliable quantification of target compounds. A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized to achieve efficient clean-up of TCS and TCC from biosolids-applied soil and biosolids samples using 4,4’- DBP-4-vp-EGDMA. The motivation behind this project was to be able to eliminate the use of expensive instruments such as LC-MS and employ easily available instruments such as LC-UV. The synthesized MIP was able to achieve efficient clean-up and allowed quantification and identification of TCS and TCC in a complex matrix. Transformation of hormones such as 17β-estradiol, estriol, ethynlestradiol, estrone and testosterone was studied by employing Fe (III)-saturated montmorillonite catalysts. The use of Fe (III) – saturated montmorillonite as a catalyst proved be to very efficient in transformation of the studied hormones. Complete removal of hormones was observed in aqueous environment. LC-UV was used for detection and quantification of hormones

LEARNet Dynamic Imaging Network for Micro Expression Recognition

Unlike prevalent facial expressions, micro expressions have subtle, involuntary muscle movements which are short-lived in nature. These minute muscle movements reflect true emotions of a person. Due to the short duration and low intensity, these micro-expressions are very difficult to perceive and interpret correctly. In this paper, we propose the dynamic representation of micro-expressions to preserve facial movement information of a video in a single frame. We also propose a Lateral Accretive Hybrid Network (LEARNet) to capture micro-level features of an expression in the facial region. The LEARNet refines the salient expression features in accretive manner by incorporating accretion layers (AL) in the network. The response of the AL holds the hybrid feature maps generated by prior laterally connected convolution layers. Moreover, LEARNet architecture incorporates the cross decoupled relationship between convolution layers which helps in preserving the tiny but influential facial muscle change information. The visual responses of the proposed LEARNet depict the effectiveness of the system by preserving both high- and micro-level edge features of facial expression. The effectiveness of the proposed LEARNet is evaluated on four benchmark datasets: CASME-I, CASME-II, CAS(ME)^2 and SMIC. The experimental results after investigation show a significant improvement of 4.03%, 1.90%, 1.79% and 2.82% as compared with ResNet on CASME-I, CASME-II, CAS(ME)^2 and SMIC datasets respectively.Comment: Dynamic imaging, accretion, lateral, micro expression recognitio

THE GLORIOUS HISTORY OF KSHARASUTRA – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Ancient Surgical science -Shalya tantra embraces all processes aiming at the removal of factors responsible for producing pain or misery to the body or mind. Among all surgical and para surgical procedures, Ksharasutra is one of the most important technique in the management of Bhagandara (Fistula) and Arsas (Hemorrhoids) diseases. Trials were held in renowned medical institutes in various cities of India. The method is fully standardized and is extensively used. In this review an attempt has been made to highlight the whole concepts of Ksharasutra in under following headings, Introduction, definition, historical aspects, Ingredients, method of prepation, Mechanism of action of Ksharasutra, Uses, Advantage, Disadvantage, Different varieties of Ksharasutra

MECHANISTIC ROLE OF VARUNA (CRATAEVA NURVALA) EXTRACT ON THYROID GLAND AND ITS HISTOLOGY THROUGH IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES

Objective: Crataeva nurvala (CN) is used for its therapeutic effects, but its effect on the thyroid gland in euthyroid conditions and mechanism behind its thyrotropic activity in hypothyroidism is still not explored. This study screened the pharmacological effect of the ethanolic extract of the bark of CN on thyroid hormones, free and total thyroxine (FT4 and T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid histology in normal Swiss albino female mice.Methods: Eighteen animals of 28–33 g were segregated into three groups: Group I treated with vehicle (NOR+VEH), Group II administered CN 400 mg/kg (NOR+CN 400), and Group III given CN 600 mg/kg (NOR+CN 600), for 15 days, per os (p.o.). The variation in the T4, FT4, T3, and TSH levels was recorded using ELISA, 24 h after the last dose, and T3/T4 ratio thus calculated along with the histopathological studies of the thyroid gland.Results: The findings were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean, using one-way ANOVA, followed by Dunnett's post-tests to compare all columns with the control. NOR+CN 600 has shown thyroid protective effect through retaining euthyroid profile, normal T3/T4 ratio, and near-normal histology. However, NOR+CN 400 had shown the significant decline in T3/T4 ratio and pathological changes in thyroid histology, in comparison with the control and NOR+VEH group.Conclusion: The higher dose of CN was found to sustain the euthyroid levels through retention of iodothyronine deiodinases activity, facilitating the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, and in retaining normal histoarchitecture of the thyroid gland in contrary to a lower dose

A study of thyroid dysfunction in dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and to assess the menstrual and endometrial pattern in women with thyroid disorders.Methods: The present study was conducted on 200 patients who presented with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in gynecology OPD.Results: Among the 200 women 39 (19.5%) had hypothyroidism, 2 (1%) had hyperthyroidism and 159 (79.55%) were euthyroid. Menorrhagia was the most common menstrual disorder in hypothyroidism and oligomenorrhoea in hyperthyroidism. In the present study 74.3% patients had proliferative endometrium,26.3% secretory endometrium, in hypothyroid patients and secretory endometrium in 2 (1%) hyperthyroid patients. A woman with hypothyroidism, commonly presents with anovulation and unopposed oestrogen activity causes endometrial hyperplasia which may outgrow the blood supply and may cause local areas of necrosis and breakdown and produces bleeding.Conclusions: The menstrual irregularities are significantly more frequent in patients with thyroid dysfunction and menorrhagia was the commonest menstrual abnormality. The study concludes that biochemical evaluation of thyroid function should be made mandatory in all cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and this would avoid unnecessary surgeries and exposure to hormones

An Overview : Natural Bio-enhancer’s in Formulation Development

Bioenhancers are chemical entities that are obtained from synthetic as well as natural sources. They are mainly used in formulation development to enhance the bioavailability of poorly solubilized drug molecule. The ideal characteristic of bioenhancers includes inertness, nontoxic, cost effective and decrease the dose of active constituents. There are lots of natural bioenhancers available such as piperine quercetin niaziridin, genistein, glycrrhyzin, curcumin. The review focus on plant based bioenhancers and their active principle that produces those effects. There is a need of extensive study on natural bioenhancers which can be utilized in formulation development. Keywords: bioenhancer, bioavailability, piperine, curcumi

Medicinal Plants the Key Bio-Adsorbents for Anionic Surfactant (SDS) From Waste Water

The pollutant binding capacity of seeds of Embelia ribes, Celastrus paniculatus was investigated in a batch system under varying conditions. The results indicate that sorption equilibrium was established in about 60 minutes. The anionic surfactant sorption is highly dependent on pH and maximum removal was observed at pH 2 - 6. It was also observed that sorption of surfactant decreases with increase in temperature. The experimental results were analyzed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The Freundlich isotherm model fitted well to data with 0.94 regression co-efficient (R2). Evaluation of experimental data in terms of biosorption kinetics showed that the biosorption of surfactant on both the biomass followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The results showed that biosorbent are an attractive low cost alternative for the treatment of wastewaters containing lower concentrations of anionic surfactant