Risks of coastal storm surge and the effect of sea level rise in the Red River delta, Vietnam

This paper considers the impact of sea level rise and storm surge on the Red River delta region of Vietnam an area already known to be highly vulnerable to coastal risks. By combining a range of sea level rise scenarios for 2050 with the simulated storm surge level for the 100-year storm surge, we analyze permanently inundated lands and temporary flood zones. As is well-established in the literature, sea level rise will increase the risk of storms by raising the base sea level from which surge is launched, but our method quantified the increase for disaster planning and vulnerability assessment purposes. Our analysis finds that sea level rise through 2050 could increase the effective frequency of the current 100-year storm surge, which is associated with a storm surge of roughly five meters, to once every 60 years. Approximately 10 percent of the Hanoi region's GDP is vulnerable to permanent inundation due to sea level rise, and more than 40 percent is vulnerable to periodic storm surge damage consistent with the current 100-year storm. We conclude that coastal adaptation measures, such as a planned retreat from the sea, and construction of a more substantial seawall and dike system, are needed to respond to these threats

Assessing the risk of cyclone-induced storm surge and sea level rise in Mozambique

This article considers the impact of sea level rise and storm surge on the port cities of Maputo and Beira in Mozambique. By combining a range of sea level rise scenarios for 2050 with the potential maximum storm surge level for the current 100-year storm, we analyze permanently inundated lands and temporary flood zones. In Beira, our analysis finds that a medium Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenario consistent with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projections through 2050 could increase the frequency of the current 100-year storm, which is associated with a storm surge of roughly 1.9 meters, to once every 40 years. The results in Maputo show similar and even more dramatic changes in the return period of the 100-year storm (associated with more 1.1 meter surges), with a reduction to a 1-in-20-year event under the same scenario. In 2050, approximately 0.4 percent of the Beira study area's GDP is vulnerable to permanent inundation due to sea level rise, and 0.8 percent is vulnerable to periodic storm surge damage. The figures for Maputo are a bit higher -0.7 percent of the Maputo study area's GDP is vulnerable to permanent inundation due to sea level rise, and 1.1 percent is vulnerable to periodic storm surge damage

Purification de l'endonucléase d'Escherichia coli spécifique des sites apuriniques de l'ADN.

peer reviewe

Consensus Paper: Radiological Biomarkers of Cerebellar Diseases

Hereditary and sporadic cerebellar ataxias represent a vast and still growing group of diseases whose diagnosis and differentiation cannot only rely on clinical evaluation. Brain imaging including magnetic resonance (MR) and nuclear medicine techniques allows for characterization of structural and functional abnormalities underlying symptomatic ataxias. These methods thus constitute a potential source of radiological biomarkers, which could be used to identify these diseases and differentiate subgroups of them, and to assess their severity and their evolution. Such biomarkers mainly comprise qualitative and quantitative data obtained from MR including proton spectroscopy, diffusion imaging, tractography, voxel-based morphometry, functional imaging during task execution or in a resting state, and from SPETC and PET with several radiotracers. In the current article, we aim to illustrate briefly some applications of these neuroimaging tools to evaluation of cerebellar disorders such as inherited cerebellar ataxia, fetal developmental malformations, and immune-mediated cerebellar diseases and of neurodegenerative or early-developing diseases, such as dementia and autism in which cerebellar involvement is an emerging feature. Although these radiological biomarkers appear promising and helpful to better understand ataxia-related anatomical and physiological impairments, to date, very few of them have turned out to be specific for a given ataxia with atrophy of the cerebellar system being the main and the most usual alteration being observed. Consequently, much remains to be done to establish sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of available MR and nuclear medicine features as diagnostic, progression and surrogate biomarkers in clinical routine

Digital Signal Processing Research Program

Contains table of contents for Section 2, an introduction and reports on fourteen research projects.U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1628Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency/U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-89-J-1489MIT - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Joint ProgramLockheed Sanders, Inc./U.S. Navy Office of Naval Research Contract N00014-91-C-0125U.S. Air Force - Office of Scientific Research Grant AFOSR-91-0034U.S. Navy - Office of Naval Research Grant N00014-91-J-1628AT&T Laboratories Doctoral Support ProgramNational Science Foundation Fellowshi

COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN <i>IN SITU</i> STUDIES AND PHOTOGRAMMETRY: METHODOLOGICAL FEEDBACK FROM A ROMAN SHIPWRECK IN CAESAREA, ISRAEL

As a quick and effective way to archive the different stages of an excavation - notably to prepare the post-excavation phase and to document the production methods – photogrammetry has become an indispensable tool. Indeed, it offers a valid scientific model, usable by any member of the team and at any moment, without the need to return to the excavation site. Photogrammetry can also complement other archaeological tools such as manual surveys. The interaction between the complementary approach of the interpretative drawing measurements (IDM) and the photogrammetric model measurements (PMM) enables us to apprehend the error rate of the interpretative measurements in situ. It appears thus that the measurements taken flat have an error rate inferior to 2% whereas the distances that are either too long or taken on a three-dimensional support have an error rate that can exceed 10%. The input of photogrammetry is therefore an added value whether it be during the excavation phase or during the post-excavation studies

EKSTRAKSI KARAGINAN RUMPUT LAUT MERAH (Kappaphycus alvarezii) DENGAN PERLAKUAN PERENDAMAN DALAM LARUTAN BASA

Semi-refined carrageenan are a type of carrageeanan product that have a low level of purity because it still contains a small amount of selulose within the carageenan. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the concentration of both NaOH and KOH towards rendemen, and the physical and chemical charactheristic of semi refined carrageenan made from kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed,  and also to minimize the use of chemical product on SRC production process. The method used in this study is steaming method. The results are the rendemen from NaOH is 10% and KOH 14%. This proves that the concentration of alkali affects the amount of rendemen. The higher the amount of alkali used, the higher the amount of rendemen obtained.  Water content obtained from the NaOH samples are 3,75%; while those from the KOH samples are 5%.  The ash content of semi-refined carrageenan obtain from NaOH samples are 55,42% and KOH are 55,27%. For the pH level on semi-refined carrageenan obtain from the NaOH samples are 8,06; and KOH are 8,69. The alkali concentration  greatly affects the amount of rendemen that is obtained because a higher concentration of alkali during the alkalization process will result in higher pH level, therefore the extration ability of alkali are increased

A dual colorimetric-electrochemical platform based on bromocresol green for the selective detection of atropine

Atropine is crucial in forensic investigations due to its role in poisoning cases, requiring precise detection methods. We propose a novel dual-mode analytical platform that combines screen-printed graphite electrodes with square-wave voltammetry and a colorimetric reaction using bromocresol green. This dual platform provides three distinct analytical responses: a colour change via the colorimetric reaction and electrochemical responses before and after the colorimetric reaction, allowing robust atropine identification. For the first time, the electrochemical behaviour of atropine in the presence of bromocresol green has been investigated, with mechanistic insights elucidated through NMR analysis. Although atropine alone undergoes an irreversible oxidation process, the colorimetric reaction facilitates a redox process involving bromocresol green, allowing indirect atropine detection. The real-world applicability of this dual-sensing platform is demonstrated by detecting atropine in drink and biological samples for potential spiking and poisoning diagnosis. Importantly, the platform is shown to function within solutions containing quinine, proving its suitability to analysing strong and bitter tonic water drink with low atropine concentrations, overcoming this known analytical problem. The developed method exhibited a wide linear range (0.001–0.4 mg mL−1), a low limit of detection (0.255 μg mL−1), and excellent stability with relative standard deviation lower than 7 %. Interference studies confirm the method's selectivity, and atropine recoveries from drink and biological samples were close to 100 %. The proposed platform is a simple, rapid, and selective screening tool, and shows significant potential for forensic applications in atropine detection

Mortality attributable to diets low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in Brazil in 2019: evidencing regional health inequalities.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality attributable to diets low in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in Brazil in 2019.Study designEcological study.MethodsData from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 for adults aged ≥25 years of both sexes in Brazil and its 27 states were used to estimate the intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains; the NCD mortality attributable to these dietary risk factors; and the correlation between socio-demographic index (SDI), the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) per 100,000 population, and intake.ResultsThe Brazilian population had suboptimal consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and 62,439 NCD deaths were attributable to these three dietary risk factors in 2019. The highest ASMRs were found for diets low in whole grains (14.4, 95% uncertainty interval [95% UI]: 7.8-18.4), followed by diets low in vegetables (7.6, 95% UI: 4.8-10.3) and fruits (5.0, 95% UI: 3.2-7.0). A similar ranking was observed for all Brazilian states. The SDI was negatively correlated with ASMRs and was positively correlated with the investigated dietary risks. The population from the Northeast and North states presented the lowest SDI and the highest NCD ASMRs attributable to diets low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and consumed less of all three health foods.ConclusionDiets low in fruits, vegetables, and mainly whole grains substantially contributed to NCD mortality in Brazil, especially in states with low SDI. Our findings support the need to target food interventions to reduce regional health inequalities within the country

Novel colorimetric-electrochemical methods for selective identification and quantification of Scopolamine in forensic analysis using screen-printed graphite electrodes and Dragendorff reagent

In forensic investigations, the detection of Scopolamine, popularly known as Burundanga or Devil's Breath, is of significant interest due to its potential involvement in cases of attempted murder or suicide. Currently, no efficient screening methods exist for Scopolamine detection in such forensic contexts. This study presents a novel method combining screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPGE) with square-wave voltammetry (electrochemical step) and Dragendorff reagent (colorimetric step) to detect Scopolamine in drinks (gin, tonic water, whisky, and energy drinks) and biological samples (urine, saliva, and vitreous humor). The method provides two distinct analytical responses: a visible color change (from orange to yellow) via the colorimetric reaction, and the electrochemical behavior of Scopolamine in both anodic and cathodic scans, ensuring robust and accurate identification. For the first time, the electrochemical behavior of both redox processes of Scopolamine is investigated. The proposed method demonstrated a wide linear range (0.025-0.225 mg mL−1 for the oxidation and 0.025–0.175 mg mL⁻¹ for the reduction process) with a low limit of detection of 5.0 μg mL−1, making it suitable for forensic applications. Stability of the electrochemical response was studied with SPGE showing relative standard deviations (RSD) of less than 3 % for Ep and Ip across multiple electrodes (N = 3). Interference studies confirmed the method's high selectivity for Scopolamine detection. Additionally, Scopolamine was successfully identified in both beverage and biological samples with recoveries near 100 %, indicating the absence of matrix effects. The methodology using both electrochemical with a colorimetric approach presents a promising, rapid, and selective screening method for Scopolamine detection in forensic scenarios